The relationship of voice onset time and Voice Offset Time to physical age

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Singh ◽  
Joseph Keshet ◽  
Deniz Gencaga ◽  
Bhiksha Raj
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Offset Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Characteristics of Speech Production after Tracheoesophageal Puncture

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Robbins ◽  
John Christensen ◽  
Gail Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture ◽  
Offset Time

Voice onset time (VOT) and vowel duration characteristics of speakers following the Singer-Blom technique of tracheoesophageal puncture (1980) were compared to those of traditional esophageal and laryngeal speakers. Fifteen subjects in each of the three speaker groups produced the words /pik/, /kup/, and /kup/ in a carrier phrase while audio recordings were obtained. Broadband spectrograms were made of the consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) utterances and vowel duration and VOT were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures revealed that the tracheoesophageal speakers produced significantly shorter VOTs and longer vowel durations than the laryngeal speakers. However, the longer vowel durations for the traeheoesophageal speakers were not completely accounted for by the shorter VOTs found for that group. Spectrographic examination suggests that delayed voice offset time for the tracheoesophageal speakers also contributes to their longer vowel durations. Overall findings indicate that the physical characteristics and motor control properties of the neoglottis, even when driven by pulmonary air as in tracheoesophageal speakers, exert a major influence on alaryngeal voice production.

Voice Onset Time in Consonant Cluster Errors: Can Phonetic Accommodation Differentiate Cognitive From Motor Errors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1577-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Pouplier ◽  
Stefania Marin ◽  
Susanne Waltl
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Phonetic accommodation in speech errors has traditionally been used to identify the processing level at which an error has occurred. Recent studies have challenged the view that noncanonical productions may solely be due to phonetic, not phonological, processing irregularities, as previously assumed. The authors of the present study investigated the relationship between phonological and phonetic planning processes on the basis of voice onset time (VOT) behavior in consonant cluster errors. Method Acoustic data from 22 German speakers were recorded while eliciting errors on sibilant-stop clusters. Analyses consider VOT duration as well as intensity and spectral properties of the sibilant. Results Of all incorrect responses, 28% failed to show accommodation. Sibilant intensity and spectral properties differed from correct responses irrespective of whether VOT was accommodated. Conclusions The data overall do not allow using (a lack of) accommodation as a diagnostic as to the processing level at which an error has occurred. The data support speech production models that allow for an integrated view of phonological and phonetic processing.

scholarly journals Non-nutritive suck and voice onset time: Examining infant oromotor coordination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250529
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heller Murray ◽  
Joanna Lewis ◽  
Emily Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Burst Duration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

The variability of a child’s voice onset time (VOT) decreases during development as they learn to coordinate upper vocal tract and laryngeal articulatory gestures. Yet, little is known about the relationship between VOT and other early motor tasks. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between infant vocalization and another early oromotor task, non-nutritive suck (NNS). Twenty-five full-term infants (11 male, 14 female) completed this study. NNS was measured with a customized pacifier at 3 months to evaluate this early reflex. Measures of mean VOT and variability of VOT (measured via coefficient of variation) were collected from 12-month-old infants using a Language Environmental Analysis device. Variability of VOTs at 12 months was significantly related to NNS measures at 3-months. Increased VOT variability was primarily driven by increased NNS intraburst frequency and increased NNS burst duration. There were no relationships between average VOT or range of VOT and NNS measures. Findings from this pilot study indicate a relationship between NNS measures of intraburst frequency and burst duration and VOT variability. Infants with increased NNS intraburst frequency and NNS burst duration had increased VOT variability, suggesting a relationship between the development of VOT and NNS in the first year of life. Future work is needed to continue to examine the relationship between these early oromotor actions and to evaluate how this may impact later speech development.

scholarly journals The relationship between inhibitory control and speech production in young multilinguals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Iga Krzysik
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
L2 Production ◽  
Global Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Repetition Task

AbstractSpeech production in multilinguals involves constant inhibition of the languages currently not in use. In relation to phonological development, higher inhibitory skills may lead to the improved suppression of interference from the remaining languages in one’s repertoire and more accurate production of target features. The participants were 20 sequential multilingual learners (13-year-olds with L1 Polish, L2 English, L3 German), acquiring their L2 and L3 by formal instruction in a primary school. Inhibition was measured in a modified flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen 1974; Poarch & Bialystok 2015). Multilingual production of voice onset time (VOT) and rhotic consonants was tested in a delayed repetition task (e.g. Kopečková et al. 2016; Krzysik 2019) in their L2 and L3. The results revealed that higher inhibitory control was related to increased global accuracy in the L2 and L3 production. Moreover, higher inhibitory control was also linked to higher accuracy in the overall L2 production, but there was no significant relationship with the L3 accuracy. These findings suggest that inhibition may play a role in phonological speech production, however, it may depend on one’s level of proficiency.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Voice Onset Time and Increase in Vocal Effort and Fundamental Frequency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
Surbhi Hablani ◽  
Cara E. Stepp
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Vocal Effort ◽  
Vocal Strain ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Prior work suggests that voice onset time (VOT) may be impacted by laryngeal tension: VOT means decrease when individuals with typical voices increase their fundamental frequency ( f o ) and VOT variability is increased in individuals with vocal hyperfunction, a voice disorder characterized by increased laryngeal tension. This study further explored the relationship between VOT and laryngeal tension during increased f o , vocal effort, and vocal strain. Method Sixteen typical speakers of American English were instructed to produce VOT utterances under four conditions: baseline, high pitch, effort, and strain. Repeated-measures analysis of variance models were used to analyze the effects of condition on VOT means and standard deviations ( SD s); pairwise comparisons were used to determine significant differences between conditions. Results Voicing, condition, and their interaction significantly affected VOT means. Voiceless VOT means significantly decreased for high pitch ( p < .001) relative to baseline; however, no changes in voiceless VOT means were found for effort or strain relative to baseline. Although condition had a significant effect on VOT SD s, there were no significant differences between effort, strain, and high pitch conditions relative to baseline. Conclusions Speakers with typical voices likely engage different musculature to increase pitch than to increase vocal effort and strain. The increased VOT variability present with vocal hyperfunction is not seen in individuals with typical voices using increased effort and strain, supporting the assertion that this feature of vocal hyperfunction may be related to disordered vocal motor control rather than resulting from effortful voice production.

Rate-dependent Perception of Aspiration and Pre-aspiration in Icelandic

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Pind
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Offset Time ◽  
Speech Segments ◽  
Over Time

Speech segments are highly context-dependent and acoustically variable. One factor that contributes heavily to the variability of speech is speaking rate. Some speech cues are temporal in nature—that is, the distinctions that they signify are defined over time. How can temporal speech cues keep their distinctiveness in the face of extrinsic transformations, such as those wrought by different speaking rates? This issue is explored with respect to the perception, in Icelandic, of Voice Onset Time as a cue for word-initial stop voicing, wordinitial aspiration as a cue for [h], and Voice Offset Time as a cue for pre-aspiration. All the speech cues show rate-dependent perception though to different degrees, with Voice Offset Time being most sensitive to rate changes and Voice Onset Time least sensitive. The differences in the behaviour of these speech cues are related to their different positions in the syllable.

Motor-Motor Adaptation: Preliminary Findings

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda I. Shuster ◽  
Robert Allen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Speech Token ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between speech perception and speech production. An experimental technique called motor-motor adaptation was devised. Subjects produced a speech token repeatedly (20 to 40 repetitions), then produced a second token one time. These tokens all contained stop consonants and were subsequently analyzed for voice onset time. The results paralleled previous findings using the experimental procedure, perceptuomotor adaptation. The present study supports the notion of a perception-production link.

Acoustic and Psychophysical Dimensions of the Perceived Speech Naturalness of Nonstutterers and Posttreatment Stutterers

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Evan Metz ◽  
Nicholas Schiavetti ◽  
Pat Richard Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Duration Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Naturalness

The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine through psychophysical comparison of scaling data whether speech naturalness is a prothetic or a metathetic continuum, and to examine the relationship between selected acoustic characteristics of the speech of nonstutterers and treated stutterers and listeners' judgments of their speech naturalness. Comparison of magnitude estimation and interval scaling data indicated that speech naturalness behaves like a metathetic continuum, suggesting that either scaling procedure is valid for the quantification of this dimension. The speech of the nonstutterers was judged more natural than the speech of the treated stutterers, and a global voice onset time (VOT) measure (averaged across places of articulation) and a sentence duration measure were found to be the acoustic parameters most highly correlated with and predictive of speech naturalness. These results suggest the possibility that stuttering treatments that employ strategies like gentle voicing onset and prolonged speech may result in somewhat slower posttherapy speech patterns characterized by prolonged VOTs that could influence listeners to judge the speech as more unnatural than the speech of nonstutterers.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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