Effects of N Fertilizer Application Rates on N2O Emissions from a Vegetable Field in Wuhan, China - A Lysimeter Study

SUMMARYAssessing carbon footprint (CF) of crop production in a whole crop life-cycle could provide insights into the contribution of crop production to climate change and help to identify possible greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options. In the current study, data for the major crops of China were collected from the national statistical archive on cultivation area, yield, application rates of fertilizer, pesticide, diesel, plastic film, irrigated water, etc. The CF of direct and indirect carbon emissions associated with or caused by these agricultural inputs was quantified with published emission factors. In general, paddy rice, wheat, maize and soybean of China had mean CFs of 2472, 794, 781 and 222 kg carbon equivalent (CE)/ha, and 0·37, 0·14, 0·12 and 0·10 kg CE/kg product, respectively. For dry crops (i.e. those grown without flooding the fields: wheat, maize and soybean), 0·78 of the total CFs was contributed by nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, including both direct soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and indirect emissions from N fertilizer manufacture. Meanwhile, direct methane (CH4) emissions contributed 0·69 on average to the total CFs of flooded paddy rice. Moreover, the difference in N fertilizer application rates explained 0·86–0·93 of the provincial variations of dry crop CFs while that in CH4 emissions could explain 0·85 of the provincial variation of paddy rice CFs. When a 30% reduction in N fertilization was considered, a potential reduction in GHGs of 60 megatonne (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalent from production of these crops was projected. The current work highlights opportunities to gain GHG emission reduction in production of crops associated with good management practices in China.

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Effect of fertilizer rate and form on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to wheat in Syria

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859697004371 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 415-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. J. PILBEAM ◽

A.M. McNEILL ◽

H. C. HARRIS ◽

R. S. SWIFT

Keyword(s):

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Application Rates ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Added Nitrogen Interaction

15N-labelled fertilizer was applied at different rates (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N ha−1) and in different forms (urea or ammonium sulphate) to wheat grown in Syria in three seasons (1991/92, 1992/93 and 1994/95).Recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer in the above-ground crop at harvest was low (8–22%), with the amount of 15N-labelled fertilizer recovered in the crop increasing as the rate of application increased. Fertilizer application caused a significant increase in the amount of unlabelled soil N in the crop, suggesting that the application of N fertilizer caused a ‘real’ added nitrogen interaction. Recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer in the crop was unaffected by the form of the fertilizer.On average 31% (14–54%) of the 15N-labelled fertilizer remained in the soil at harvest, mostly in the 0–20 cm layer. At the lowest application rate (30 kg N ha−1) most of the residual fertilizer was as organic N, but at the higher application rates (60 and 90 kg N ha−1), a greater proportion of the 15N-labelled fertilizer was recovered as inorganic N, presumably as the result of top-dressing N in dry conditions in the spring. The amount of 15N-labelled fertilizer remaining in the soil increased as the fertilizer rate increased, but was unaffected by the form of fertilizer applied.Losses of 15N-labelled fertilizer were large (>35%), probably caused by gaseous losses, either through volatilization of N from the calcareous soil, or through denitrification from wet soils rich in organic residues.N fertilization strategies in the West Asia/North Africa (WANA) region should take note of the low recovery of N fertilizer by the crop in the season of application, and the resultant large quantities of residual fertilizer.

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Dry matter production by a subtropical grass (Makarikari grass) grown in association with a temperate annual legume (barrel medic) and nitrogen fertilizer in southern Queensland

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9850054 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DL Lloyd ◽

TB Hilder

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

N Uptake ◽

Winter Season ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Barrel Medic ◽

Application Rates ◽

Matter Production ◽

Cutting Experiment

The effects of a temperate annual legume, barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) cv. Cyprus, and five levels of fertilizer nitrogen (N), from 0 to 400 kg/ha.year, on the dry matter (DM) production and N economy of Makarikari grass (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense) cv. Pollock, were investigated in a cutting experiment between 1973 and 1979. Each year, N fertilizer on grass alone increased both DM production and N uptake, up to N application rates of 200 and 400 kg/ha.year respectively. The mean annual effect of medic was to increase DM production and N uptake of associated grass each year by 90 and 130% respectively, and of the grass-medic system by 230 and 530%, respectively, for fertilizer rates between 0 and 100 kg N/ha.year. The increased DM production of associated grass occurred in summer and autumn; grass DM production was suppressed in spring, probably by competition with the medic. A trend for the DM yield of grass grown without medic to decline with time was most evident in the treatment without N fertilizer; in the comparable grass-medic pasture, grass DM production was as great in the sixth year as in the first. Medic DM yield varied with winter season rainfall. When the study concluded, the amount of N in the soil (0-10 cm depth) was higher after grassmedic than grass alone, except at the highest level of N fertilizer application. It was estimated that medic had fixed about 71 kg N/ha.year.

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Modelled Quantification of Different Sources of Nitrogen Inefficiency in Semi-Arid Cropping Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1222

Author(s):

Niloufar Nasrollahi ◽

James Hunt ◽

Caixian Tang ◽

David Cann

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

N Availability ◽

Application Rates ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Semi Arid

Most dryland grain growers in Australia retain all or most of their crop residues to protect the soil from erosion and to improve water conservation but retaining stubbles with a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio can affect N availability to crops. A simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilizer application rate and residue retention on soil N dynamics. The simulation used seven N fertilizer application rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha−1) to wheat (Triticum aestivum) over 27 years (1990–2016) at four locations across a gradient in annual rainfall in Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen immobilization, denitrification and N leaching loss were predicted and collectively defined as sources of N inefficiency. When residues were retained, immobilization was predicted to be the biggest source of inefficiency at all simulated sites at N application rates currently used by growers. Leaching became a bigger source of inefficiency at one site with low soil water-holding capacity, but only at N rates much higher than would currently be commercially applied, resulting in high levels of nitrate (NO3−) accumulating in the soil. Denitrification was an appreciable source of inefficiency at higher rainfall sites. Further research is necessary to evaluate strategies to minimize immobilization of N in semi-arid cropping systems.

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Negative Pressure Irrigation System Reduces Soil Nitrogen Loss for Lettuce during Greenhouse Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2380

Author(s):

Xiang Gao ◽

Shuxiang Zhang ◽

Yanyan Song ◽

Huaiyu Long

Keyword(s):

Negative Pressure ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Negative pressure irrigation (NPI) to grow crops reduces the application of fertilizer and water while also promoting yield and quality. However, plantation vegetables usually require a large input of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in a greenhouse setting, which will lower the soil quality and accelerate the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore planting lettuce under an NPI system that retrenches N fertilizer application and mitigates N2O emissions compared with conventional irrigation (CI). This research proved that under NPI conditions, nitrate and ammonium fluctuated slightly in the soil, stabilizing in the range of 18–28 mg kg−1, while that of CI was 20–55 mg kg−1. The NPI alleviated N2O emissions, and NPI-N150 and NPI-N105 decreased them by 18% and 32%, respectively, compared with those for CI-N150. The main explanation was that the NPI inhibited the formation of NO3−-N, reduced the copies number of AOA and AOB as well as the abundance of Nitrospira in the soil, and weakened the soil nitrate reductase and urease activities. The results of this research provide a reliable scientific method for reducing the use of water and N fertilizer while cultivating lettuce, as well as for reducing N2O emissions from agricultural facilities.

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Effects of N Fertilizer Application on Soil N2O Emissions and CH4 Uptake: A Two-Year Study in an Apple Orchard in Eastern China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos8100181 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baohua Xie ◽

Jiangxin Gu ◽

Junbao Yu ◽

Guangxuan Han ◽

Xunhua Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Ch4 Uptake

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Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils in response to nitrification inhibitor and N-fertilizer amount

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8135 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azeem Tariq ◽

Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽

Line Vinther Hansen ◽

Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽

Sander Bruun

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Rain Events ◽

Spring Rape

Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural soils significantly contributes to the atmospheric increase of nitrous oxide (N2O). Application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is a promising strategy to mitigate N2O emissions and improve N use efficiency in agricultural systems. We studied the effect of 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) as an NI on N2O mitigation from soils with spring barley and spring rape. We used both manual and automatic chamber technologies to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of N2O emissions. Intensive manual chamber measurements were conducted two months after fertilization and fortnightly afterwards. A mini-plot experiment with different levels (0 %, 50 %, 100 %, 150 %, and 200 %) of standard N fertilizer application and 100% N with NI was also conducted for two months in soil planted with spring barley. N2O emissions were affected by the N amount and by the use of NI. Higher emissions were observed in treatments with high N levels and without NI. The effect of NI in reducing N2O emissions from spring barley plots was significant in the small chamber experiments, where NI reduced N2O emissions by 47 % in the first two months after fertilization. However, the effect of NI on N2O reduction was non-significant in the full-plot chamber experiment for the whole season. In contrast, NI significantly reduced (56 %) the seasonal N2O emissions from the soils planted with spring rape. After the initial peaks following the fertilizer application, high N2O fluxes were observed following substantial rain events. The continuous flux measurements in automated chambers showed the dynamic of N2O changes during the whole season, including some peaks that were unobservable with manual chambers because of the low temporal resolution. The concentration of nitrate was higher in the soils treated with mineral N without NI compared to soils treated with NI, which clearly showed the inhibition of the nitrification process with the application of NI. The grain and biomass yield were not affected by the use of NI. In conclusion, application of NI is an efficient mitigation technology for N2O emissions in the period following the fertilizer application, but had little effect on subsequent emissions following rain events.Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, DMPP, nitrous oxide, mitigation, agricultural soils

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ECONOMICS OF N-FERTILIZATION OF DRYLAND GRASSES FOR HAY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-070 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 559-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽

E. G. SMITH ◽

A. T. H. GROSS

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Grass Species ◽

Fertilizer Response ◽

Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽

Response Data ◽

N Supply ◽

Application Rates

An economic analysis was conducted on N fertilizer response data of four dryland grass species on two soil types. Clay-loam soils were more productive than sandy-loam soils. The N supply required to obtain optimum economic yield was determined and results showed that producers must increase N fertilizer application rates over current rates of application in order to maximize profit.Key words: Bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, nitrogen fertilizer, economics

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Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Reduced N-Fertilizer Application Rates and Alternative Application Regimes in the Cértima Catchment

10.13031/2013.41448 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Cornelis Roebeling ◽

João Rocha ◽

Henrique Alves ◽

Maria Luz Rodríguez-Blanco ◽

Sara Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Application Rates ◽

The Cost

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