The factors causing water erosion have been investigated, an influence of erosion on soil fertility, agrophysical and agrochemical features, complications and economic losses, and also measures against erosion have been offered in this article.
It was known that the last results of the erosion process was vividly shown in plants productivity. So, in areas where erosion is developing the plants productivity is 2-5 times lower in comparison with the areas where erosion isnꞌt observed and areas which are cultivated with the high agrotechnical rules. Thus, the agriculture suffers damage.
During the research the raindrops and irrigation erosion were widely investigated. It was determined that as a result of the raindrops erosion the soil structure is obliterated, porosity decreases, penetration of water and air into the soil becomes difficult.
To prevent from raindrops erosion it is recommended to determine rainfall quantity and intensity on seasons and to provide coverage of soil with the plant. It was determined that the zone slope, granulometric and structural composition, coverage percentage, not following the irrigation norms and rules caused formation and development of irrigation erosion.
The research results show that while an amount of the muddy flow is 51,40 g/l in one liter of the flood water, this quantity is 43,50 g/l in the area, where the water consumption is 2,5 l/sec., it is 30,10 g/sec. in 2 l/sec. of water consumption.
Soil losses in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
