A retrospective view on: The role of concepts in program comprehension: (MIP award)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclav Rajlich ◽  
Norman Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Program Comprehension ◽  
Retrospective View

scholarly journals The role of the geological uncertainty in a geotechnical design – A retrospective view of Freeway No. 3 Landslide in Northern Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 106233
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsiang Yeh ◽  
Jia-Jyun Dong ◽  
Sara Khonevisan ◽  
C. Hsein Juang ◽  
Wen-Chao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Uncertainty ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Geotechnical Design ◽  
Northern Taiwan

scholarly journals ALMA versus DDD

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Cruz da ◽  
Pedro Henriques ◽  
Maria Pereira
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Binary Code ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Program Comprehension ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Machine Code ◽  
Abstract Representation ◽  
Source Program

To be a debugger is a good thing! Since the very beginning of the programming activity, debuggers are the most important and widely used tools after editors and compilers; we completely recognize their importance for software development and testing. Debuggers work at machine level, after the compilation of the source program; they deal with assembly, or binary-code, and are mainly data structure inspectors. ALMA is a program animator based on its abstract representation. The main idea is to show the algorithm being implemented by the program, independently from the language used to implement it. To say that ALMA is a debugger, with no value added, is not true! ALMA is a source code inspector but it deals with programming concepts instead of machine code. This makes possible to understand the source program at a conceptual level, and not only to fix run time errors. In this paper we compare our visualizer/animator system, ALMA, with one of the most well-known and used debuggers, the graphical version of GDB, the DDD program. The aim of the paper is twofold: the immediate objective is to prove that ALMA provides new features that are not usually offered by debuggers; the main contribution is to recall the concepts of debugger and animator, and clarify the role of both tools in the field of program understanding, or program comprehension. .

scholarly journals Prítomnosť češtiny na Slovensku a aspekt spisovnosti

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jarošová
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Written Form

Abstract The paper aims at giving a retrospective view of the presence of Czech in Slovakia through prism of the concepts language situation, communication situations and standardness. Within the conditions of the feudal heterogeneity of the Hungarian Monarchy and without any distinct cultural and political centre of the Slovaks, in a situation of considerable dialectal variety, the Czech language fulfilled the role of a comprehensible and within the whole society (among educated Slovaks) valid and relatively unified written form of the “local language” (lingua vernacula). In the 14th and the 15th centuries this Czech got only relatively little Slovakized. During the 16th and the 17th centuries two mutually overlapping tendencies of the development of the written language of the Slovaks were being formed: 1. Slovakized Czech, or a Slovak-version Czech, and 2. Regional Variants of Cultural Slovak. Both tendencies found their place in the Catholic as well as in the Protestant environment. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, with continuation into the beginnings of the 19th century, two directions that started to be formed already in the previous period, became crystalized: 1. Under the influence of the progressing re-Catholicization, the Slovakized Czech of the Protestants undertook the direction from diglossia towards “pure” Czech (at least in the sense of an intention), and the Protestant circles unequivocally accepted it as their standard language, sometimes denoting it as reč československá (Czechoslovak language) or českoslovenčina (the Czechoslovak); 2. In the Catholic environment, the cultural Western Slovak of the southern type and called bernolákovčina (Bernolák‘s Slovak) was codified, with the status of an autonomous standard language – a development away form diglossia towards Slovak. It was a period of two standard languages to which Štúr’s codification of Slovak put an end. His codification was based on the northern Central Slovak dialects, and after its modification in the so called opravená slovenčina (“corrected Slovak”) it was accepted by the representatives of both confessions.

Landscape characterization of integrated crop–livestock systems in three case studies of the tropics

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Poccard-Chapuis ◽  
Livia Navegantes Alves ◽  
Marcia Mascarenha Grise ◽  
Alassane Bâ ◽  
Doubangolo Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Landscape Characterization ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Livestock Systems

AbstractIntegrated crop–livestock systems in the tropical region are diverse and not well characterized. To better understand the conditions and potential of these systems, we characterized the spatial and social arrangement of integrated systems within a landscape context. Integrated systems are defined by biomass and nutrient flows, linking crop, livestock and human components of agriculture. The landscape is defined within a spatial framework of these flows. To understand the diversity of integrated systems in the tropics, we characterized three case study areas: Southern Mali, BrazilianCerradosand Amazon frontier. Methodology was based on historical and descriptive approaches of these cases, mobilizing interdisciplinary knowledge of a large research team. This provided a retrospective view to discuss four key points about the future of integrated systems in the tropics: (i) importance of landscape structure for conception and adaptation of the integrated systems; (ii) key role of local institutions in managing such integrated systems; (iii) trade-offs between external and internal resources; and (iv) role of nitrogen to improve system efficiency. This paper concludes with the relevance of social sciences in the further development of integrated systems.

scholarly journals The Vietnamese Refugee Crisis of the 1970s and 1980s: A Retrospective View from NGO Resettlement Workers

Refuge ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Anna N. Vu ◽  
Vic Satzewich
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
And Training ◽  
Vietnamese Refugee

This article examines the role of NGO resettlement workers in refugee camps in Southeast Asia during the late 1970s and 1980s. The workers offered psychological support to refugees whose lives were in turmoil, but they also helped them present themselves in ways that would be most attractive to Western host countries. This process involves both commission and omission. NGO resettlement workers sometimes actively guided refugees by giving them specific advice and training. At other times, they facilitated this endeavour by observing how refugees fit themselves into the selection categories of various states, but chose to remain silent in order to avoid jeopardizing the refugees’ chances for resettlement.

F-18 Human Engineering Program — a Retrospective View

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 950-953
Author(s):  
Lloyd Hitchcock ◽  
Stephen C. Merriman ◽  
Julian P. Moore ◽  
Peter Field
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Ground Testing ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
The Cost

Presentation begins with a review of the F-18 Program - progression from a single place fighter with a crew station the size of the A-4's to a full multi-mission aircraft. Describes Human Engineering design “ground rules” and illustrates the degree to which the actual design conforms. Describes the role of anthropometry in both the crew station and design considerations affecting the maintainer - both airborne WRA's and GSE. New techniques in applied anthropometry are described. Presents a short review of the simulator and mock-up work accomplished during design and development. A summary of the role and contributions of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps pilots who participated in the “Aircrew Systems Advisory Panel” (ASAP) is presented. Unique relationships between Human Factors and ASAP are described. The results of the implementation of a rigorous Human Factors program are shown during flight and ground testing. A summary of contractor, Naval Air Test Center and early operational tests is presented. Finally, the authors' individual views as to the cost effectiveness of a thorough Human Factors program on a major acquisition such as the F-18 are provided. Recommendations for future programs are also delineated.

Monoclonal antibodies: A prospective and retrospective view.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jwala Sivaccumar ◽  
Annamaria Sandomenico ◽  
Luigi Vitagliano ◽  
Menotti Ruvo
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Retrospective View

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of biotherapeutic agents. They are used to cure many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis-related diseases and more recently also haemophilia. They can be highly varied in terms of format, source, and specificity to improve efficacy and to obtain more targeted applications. This can be achieved by leaving substantially unchanged the basic structural components for paratope clustering. Objectives: The objective was to trace the most relevant findings that have deserved prestigious awards over the years, to report the most important clinical applications and to emphasize their latest emerging therapeutic trends. Results: We report the most relevant milestones and new technologies adopted for antibody development. Recent efforts in generating new engineered antibody-based formats are briefly reviewed. The most important antibody-based molecules that are (or are going to be) used for pharmacological practice have been collected in useful tables. Conclusions: The topics here discussed prove the undisputed role of mAbs as innovative biopharmaceuticals molecules and as vital components of targeted pharmacological therapies.

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