Physically-Derived Figure of Merit (FOM) Quantifying the Cooling Performance of Fluids in Laminar Free-Surface Jet Impingement Cooling of Electrical Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claas Ehrenpreis ◽  
Hossein Askarizadeh ◽  
Hakim El Bahi ◽  
Huihui Xu ◽  
Gregoire Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Surface Jet ◽  
Electrical Components

A Generalized Critical Heat Flux Correlation for Submerged and Free Surface Jet Impingement Boiling

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruander Cardenas ◽  
Vinod Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Jet Impingement Boiling ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Surface Jet

A critical heat flux (CHF) correlation is developed for jet impingement boiling of a single round jet on a flat circular surface. The correlation is valid for submerged jets as well as for free surface jets with Reynolds numbers (Re) between 4000 and 60,000. Data for the correlation are obtained from an extensive experimental study of submerged jet impingement boiling performed by the authors with water at subatmospheric pressures and with FC-72 at atmospheric pressure. Additional experimental data from a free surface jet study are also incorporated to include the effect of variation in surface diameter relative to a fixed nozzle diameter, additional working fluids (water and R-113 both at atmospheric pressure), and jet configuration. The range of parameters considered include Re from 0 (pool boiling) to 60,000, jet diameter to capillary length scale ratios (dj/Lc) ranging from 0.44 to 5.50, surface diameter to capillary length scale ratios (ds/Lc) ranging from 4.47 to 38.42, and liquid-to-vapor density ratios from 119 to 8502. The proposed correlation is built on the framework of a forced convective CHF model. Using this correlation, 95% of the experimental CHF jet impingement data can be predicted within ±22% error. The corresponding average absolute error and the maximum absolute error are 8% and 36%, respectively, over the range of parameters considered.

Correlating Equations for Impingement Cooling of Small Heat Sources With Single Circular Liquid Jets

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Womac ◽  
S. Ramadhyani ◽  
F. P. Incropera
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Submerged Jet ◽  
Impingement Heat Transfer ◽  
Correlating Equations ◽  
Parameter Ranges

Experimental data have been obtained for liquid jet impingement cooling of small square heat sources resembling electronic integrated circuit chips. Both free-surface and submerged jet configurations have been studied for a range of velocities, nozzle diameters, and nozzle-to-heater separation distances, with water and a fluorocarbon liquid (3M FC-77) as coolants. Major trends in the data have been explained in terms of the underlying hydrodynamic and thermal phenomena. The data, obtained over parameter ranges applicable to the cooling of microelectronic chips, have been compared with the predictions of previously developed correlations for jet impingement heat transfer and substantial discrepancies between the data and the predictions have been noted. Based on the present data, two new correlating equations, one for free-surface and the other for submerged jet impingement, have been developed and presented.

Hole Staggering Effect on the Cooling Performance of Narrow Impingement Channels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Terzis ◽  
Guillaume Wagner ◽  
Peter Ott
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Error Propagation Analysis

This study examines experimentally the cooling performance of integrally cast impingement cooling channels which provide increased heat transfer area compared to traditional impingement configurations. For the evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient, the transient liquid crystal method was used. Full surface heat transfer coefficient distributions on the target plate and the side walls of the channel have been measured by recording the temperature history of liquid crystals using a frame grabber. Several impingement cooling geometries have been tested composing a test matrix of nine different geometrical configurations. The experimental data are analyzed by means of various post-processing procedures and aim to clarify and quantify the effect of hole staggering on the overall cooling performance, a variable which has been little addressed in the open literature. The experiments were carried out in a low speed wind tunnel over a wide range of Reynolds numbers between 15,000 and 100,000. The results indicated similarities with convectional multi-jet impingement cooling systems as well as a noticeable effect of the cooling hole pattern. Finally, an error propagation analysis of the experimental uncertainties was performed providing information for the significance of scatter on repeated experiments.

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