Optimization-Based Posture Generation for Whole-Body Contact Motion by Contact Point Search on the Body Surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2905-2912
Author(s):  
Masaki Murooka ◽  
Kei Okada ◽  
Masayuki Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Point Search

scholarly journals Cardboard Bed Without Mattress Is Ineffective in Improving the body Contact Pressure-a Preliminary Study Using a Dummy Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110656
Author(s):  
Seiji Hamanishi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Surface Contour ◽  
Preliminary Study

Objective This study aimed to describe and evaluate the dispersion of body-mattress contact pressure on a cardboard bed and investigate whether the cardboard bed has a positive effect on evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Materials and Methods A high-performance nursing simulator was used to measure the contact pressure and the body surface contour area of the bed, and these values were collected with the patient in the supine position using the Body Pressure Measurement System. Data of each test were acquired 10 times and were compared among 4 conditions (plastic sheet, cardboard bed, cardboard bed with a blanket, and cardboard bed with a mattress-topper). The data analysis for body-mattress contacts pressure and the surface contour area of the whole body, head, chest, and buttocks were conducted by one-way repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The average body-contact pressure on the cardboard bed did not decrease compared with that on the floor with plastic sheets. In contrast, the body surface contour area was significantly different among any other conditions, but the gap was only approximately 16%. However, the body-contact pressure and the body surface contour area were improved when a mattress-topper was added on the cardboard bed. When a blanket was laid on the cardboard bed, the contact area was increased. Conclusion Our results indicate that the pressure dispersion ability of the cardboard bed was not sufficient; however, adding the mattress-topper or the blanket could contribute to an improvement in the evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Many evacuees lay a mattress topper or futon on a cardboard bed after installing cardboard beds. Our findings may also support the scientific validity of the evacuees’ actual sleeping style in Japan. This preliminary study provides the basis for future research on exploring an appropriate sleeping bed condition in evacuee shelters.

scholarly journals Multiple giant congenital nevi – a case report / Multipli gigantski kongenitalni nevusi – prikaz slučaja

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vesna Mikulić
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Abstract Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are benign nevomelanocytic proliferations of 20 cm or more in diameter, present at birth. They are primarily found on the posterior trunk, but they may arise on any other part of the body, covering more than 2% of the body surface. Giant congenital nevi are major risk factors for the development of melanoma, and the risk has been estimated to be as high as 5-7%. Persons with giant congenital melanocytic nevi on the head, neck and along the midline of the back are at increased risk for leptomeningeal melanocytic lesions. Most patients with neurocutaneous melanosis present with neurologic manifestations of the disease in the first 2 years of life. Melanoma occurs in 62-80% of cases, but even without neoplasms, symptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis has a poor prognosis. This is a report of a 23-year-old female patient who presented with multiple congenital pigmented and pilous nevi covering over 2% of her total body surface, without malignant alterations or association with other abnormalities. At birth, a nevus covered her neck, shoulders and the upper left arm, whereas several nevi over 5cm in diameter were present in the gluteal region, on the abdomen and legs. During the first 2 years of life, the existing nevi increased in size and progressed into darker brown. New, smaller pigmented changes appeared on the whole body and the face, while at the age of 17 they reached their current size and layout. At puberty, nevi over 10cm in size grew dark hairs. There were neither melanoma nor skin tumor cases in the family. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was not performed in the childhood or later in life, but other parameters - neurologic and ophthalmologic findings were in normal range all the time, as was growth and development. A complete photo-documentation was made, including macroscopic and dermoscopic images and regular follow-ups continue. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi may cause considerable esthetic and psychosocial problems. Due to their high malignant potential, association with other abnormalities, no consensus on the treatment, and monitoring problems, giant congenital melanocytic nevi represent a therapeutic problem as well.

Ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation applied to the body surface

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2410-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fuyuki ◽  
S. Suzuki ◽  
M. Sakurai ◽  
H. Sasaki ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Significant Difference

To determine the ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) at different sites on the body surface, we applied HFO separately to the abdomen, the rib cage, or the whole body in eight anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Test frequencies were 5, 7, 9, and 11 Hz with tidal volume kept constant at 2.5 ml/kg. During HFO application to the abdomen, we observed significantly higher arterial O2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 5, 7, and 9 Hz and lower arterial CO2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 7, 9, and 11 Hz than with rib cage or whole-body HFO. There was no significant difference in blood gases between rib cage and whole-body HFO. Thus, using blood gases as an index of ventilatory effectiveness, the present study showed that HFO applied at the abdomen was the most effective of the three kinds of body surface HFO. In comparison to rib cage or whole-body application, abdominal HFO was accompanied by substantial paradoxical movement of the diaphragm and rib cage. The associated lung distortion may result in pendelluft, which in turn may be the mechanism for increased ventilatory effectiveness with abdominal application of HFO.

Reactions to Pain in Various Abnormal Mental States

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (422) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel ◽  
A. J. Oldham ◽  
A. S. C. Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Receptive Aphasia ◽  
External Stimuli

The study on which we are going to report has its origin in a clinical observation made twenty-six years ago (Schilderand Stengel,1928).An elderly female patient whose main symptom was a receptive aphasia, showed a peculiar reaction to painful stimuli. She failed to withdraw from the source of those stimuli, or did so only to a very slight degree, irrespective of the part of the body surface affected. She never showed that tendency to total withdrawal which characterizes normal behaviour. Sometimes she exhibited paradoxical reactions in that she followed the stimuli with her hand as if to invite more pain. There was no indication of a disturbance of perception. That the patient perceived pain could be inferred from her utterances and from wincing, which she often showed very markedly, while at the same time failing to withdraw the afflicted part of her body. This was another argument against the presence of a disturbance of sensation which did not affect the whole body surface. Within a few weeks the aphasia subsided sufficiently to enable the patient to talk about her attitude to the painful stimuli. She definitely experienced them as such but did not seem to mind them. Reactions to certain other stimuli were found to be equally abnormal. Neither a match lit close to her eyes, nor a loud clap, would cause her to withdraw in a normal manner. It did not make any noticeable difference whether these stimuli were sprung on her unexpectedly or whether she could watch them being inflicted, nor did it matter who administered them. In marked contrast to the apparent indifference to external stimuli, the patient was sensitive to internal pains and used to complain in an almost hypochondriacal manner about stomach pain. The same discrepancy was noticed in other cases. The patient's peculiar behaviour in relation to painful or other noxious stimuli inflicted from outside which are usually experienced and reacted to as threats, was assumed to be due to a disorder on a higher level of integration. It was called, perhaps not very aptly,asymbolia for pain, the patient, while able to perceive pain, being unable to appreciate its significance as a signal of danger and to react accordingly. The term is obviously not comprehensive enough and does not take into account the patient's failure to respond normally to other external stimuli to which the usual reaction is withdrawal. This behaviour pattern was subsequently observed in a considerable number of cases. Clinical observations suggested that this symptom was related to parietal lobe lesions in the dominant hemisphere, and this was borne out by a series of post-mortem examinations. Asymbolia for pain has since been observed by others and is often referred to among the effects of parietal lobe lesions. However there is still much that is obscure about it. In psychiatric hospitals one can often observe it in cases of brain atrophy in which the parietal, or parieto-temporal area is more severely involved than other parts of the brain. The symptom fits well into the present-day concepts of parietal lobe syndromes (Critchley, 1951). It implies an inability to integrate external stimuli, or, as Schilder put it, to connect the experience of pain with the body image.

scholarly journals The Absorption Of Chloride Ions By The Anal Papillae Of Diptera Larvae

1938 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Diptera Larvae

By micro-chloride determinations combined with other observations, it is shown that Chironomus and Culex larvae are able to take up chloride parenterally from solutions with a chloride content corresponding to that of ordinary fresh water. This active absorption takes place exclusively in the anal papillae (anal gills). Since, in Chironomus, salt diffuses continually through the whole body surface, these organs, by their salt-absorbing function, play an important part in maintaining the salt content of the body fluid.

scholarly journals Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles differ between ant body parts: implications for communication and our understanding of CHC diffusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp P Sprenger ◽  
Lisa J Gerbes ◽  
Jacqueline Sahm ◽  
Florian Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Colony Odour ◽  
Biophysical Mechanism ◽  
Caste Differences

Abstract Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) serve as communication signals and protect against desiccation. They form complex blends of up to 150 different compounds. Due to differences in molecular packing, CHC classes differ in melting point. Communication is especially important in social insects like ants, which use CHCs to communicate within the colony and to recognize nestmates. Nestmate recognition models often assume a homogenous colony odour, where CHCs are collected, mixed and re-distributed in the postpharyngeal gland (PPG). Via diffusion, recognition cues should evenly spread over the body surface. Hence, CHC composition should be similar across body parts and in the PPG. To test this, we compared CHC composition among whole-body extracts, PPG, legs, thorax and gaster, across 17 ant species from three genera. Quantitative CHC composition differed between body parts, with consistent patterns across species and CHC classes. Early-melting CHC classes were most abundant in the PPG. In contrast, whole body, gaster, thorax and legs had increasing proportions of CHC classes with higher melting points. Intra-individual CHC variation was highest for rather solid, late-melting CHC classes, suggesting that CHCs differ in their diffusion rates across the body surface. Our results show that body parts strongly differ in CHC composition, either being rich in rather solid, late-melting or rather liquid, early-melting CHCs. This implies that recognition cues are not homogenously present across the insect body. However, the unequal diffusion of different CHCs represents a biophysical mechanism that enables caste differences despite continuous CHC exchange among colony members.

A Simple and Inexpensive Clinical Whole Body Counter

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
A. K. Basu ◽  
S. K. Guha ◽  
B. N. Tandon ◽  
M. M. Gupta ◽  
M. ML. Rehani
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Background Index ◽  
Iodide Crystal

SummaryThe conventional radioisotope scanner has been used as a whole body counter. The background index of the system is 10.9 counts per minute per ml of sodium iodide crystal. The sensitivity and derived sensitivity parameters have been evaluated and found to be suitable for clinical studies. The optimum parameters for a single detector at two positions above the lying subject have been obtained. It has been found that for the case of 131I measurement it is possible to assay a source located at any point in the body with coefficient of variation less than 5%. To add to the versatility, a fixed geometry for in-vitro counting of large samples has been obtained. The retention values obtained by the whole body counter have been found to correlate with those obtained by in-vitro assay of urine and stool after intravenous administration of 51Cr-albumin.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

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