scholarly journals Cardboard Bed Without Mattress Is Ineffective in Improving the body Contact Pressure-a Preliminary Study Using a Dummy Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110656
Author(s):  
Seiji Hamanishi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Surface Contour ◽  
Preliminary Study

Objective This study aimed to describe and evaluate the dispersion of body-mattress contact pressure on a cardboard bed and investigate whether the cardboard bed has a positive effect on evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Materials and Methods A high-performance nursing simulator was used to measure the contact pressure and the body surface contour area of the bed, and these values were collected with the patient in the supine position using the Body Pressure Measurement System. Data of each test were acquired 10 times and were compared among 4 conditions (plastic sheet, cardboard bed, cardboard bed with a blanket, and cardboard bed with a mattress-topper). The data analysis for body-mattress contacts pressure and the surface contour area of the whole body, head, chest, and buttocks were conducted by one-way repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The average body-contact pressure on the cardboard bed did not decrease compared with that on the floor with plastic sheets. In contrast, the body surface contour area was significantly different among any other conditions, but the gap was only approximately 16%. However, the body-contact pressure and the body surface contour area were improved when a mattress-topper was added on the cardboard bed. When a blanket was laid on the cardboard bed, the contact area was increased. Conclusion Our results indicate that the pressure dispersion ability of the cardboard bed was not sufficient; however, adding the mattress-topper or the blanket could contribute to an improvement in the evacuees’ musculoskeletal burden. Many evacuees lay a mattress topper or futon on a cardboard bed after installing cardboard beds. Our findings may also support the scientific validity of the evacuees’ actual sleeping style in Japan. This preliminary study provides the basis for future research on exploring an appropriate sleeping bed condition in evacuee shelters.

scholarly journals Multiple giant congenital nevi – a case report / Multipli gigantski kongenitalni nevusi – prikaz slučaja

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vesna Mikulić
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Abstract Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are benign nevomelanocytic proliferations of 20 cm or more in diameter, present at birth. They are primarily found on the posterior trunk, but they may arise on any other part of the body, covering more than 2% of the body surface. Giant congenital nevi are major risk factors for the development of melanoma, and the risk has been estimated to be as high as 5-7%. Persons with giant congenital melanocytic nevi on the head, neck and along the midline of the back are at increased risk for leptomeningeal melanocytic lesions. Most patients with neurocutaneous melanosis present with neurologic manifestations of the disease in the first 2 years of life. Melanoma occurs in 62-80% of cases, but even without neoplasms, symptomatic neurocutaneous melanosis has a poor prognosis. This is a report of a 23-year-old female patient who presented with multiple congenital pigmented and pilous nevi covering over 2% of her total body surface, without malignant alterations or association with other abnormalities. At birth, a nevus covered her neck, shoulders and the upper left arm, whereas several nevi over 5cm in diameter were present in the gluteal region, on the abdomen and legs. During the first 2 years of life, the existing nevi increased in size and progressed into darker brown. New, smaller pigmented changes appeared on the whole body and the face, while at the age of 17 they reached their current size and layout. At puberty, nevi over 10cm in size grew dark hairs. There were neither melanoma nor skin tumor cases in the family. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was not performed in the childhood or later in life, but other parameters - neurologic and ophthalmologic findings were in normal range all the time, as was growth and development. A complete photo-documentation was made, including macroscopic and dermoscopic images and regular follow-ups continue. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi may cause considerable esthetic and psychosocial problems. Due to their high malignant potential, association with other abnormalities, no consensus on the treatment, and monitoring problems, giant congenital melanocytic nevi represent a therapeutic problem as well.

Analysis of Body Pressure Distributions of the Air-Cell Mattress for Preventing Decubitus Ulcer

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 743-746
Author(s):  
Hyeon Seok Cho ◽  
Jei Chung Ryu ◽  
Gyoo Suk Kim ◽  
Mu Sung Mun ◽  
Kyung Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Decubitus Ulcer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Human Flesh

A finite element simulation model was developed for the performance optimization of a closed type air-cell mattress used for the ulcer prevention. An H-model with material properties of human flesh and kinematic joints were used for the calculation of the body contact pressure. The material property of rubber air-cell was evaluated by tensile test of standard specimen. We evaluated the body contact pressure distribution after laying human model on the inflated air-cell mattress. It was found that the body contact pressure was dependent on cell height, but hardly affected by the cell thickness.

Ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation applied to the body surface

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2410-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fuyuki ◽  
S. Suzuki ◽  
M. Sakurai ◽  
H. Sasaki ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Significant Difference

To determine the ventilatory effectiveness of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) at different sites on the body surface, we applied HFO separately to the abdomen, the rib cage, or the whole body in eight anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Test frequencies were 5, 7, 9, and 11 Hz with tidal volume kept constant at 2.5 ml/kg. During HFO application to the abdomen, we observed significantly higher arterial O2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 5, 7, and 9 Hz and lower arterial CO2 partial pressure (P less than 0.05) at 7, 9, and 11 Hz than with rib cage or whole-body HFO. There was no significant difference in blood gases between rib cage and whole-body HFO. Thus, using blood gases as an index of ventilatory effectiveness, the present study showed that HFO applied at the abdomen was the most effective of the three kinds of body surface HFO. In comparison to rib cage or whole-body application, abdominal HFO was accompanied by substantial paradoxical movement of the diaphragm and rib cage. The associated lung distortion may result in pendelluft, which in turn may be the mechanism for increased ventilatory effectiveness with abdominal application of HFO.

Changthangi Goats: A rich source of pashmina production in Ladakh

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Bhattacharya ◽  
S.S. Misra ◽  
F.D. Sheikh ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
A. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Preliminary Study

SummaryPashmina, internationally known as “cashmere”, a fine luxury fibre, is being produced from Changthangi goats bred in the Ladakh region of India. The Leh district of Greater Ladakh produces around 30 000 kg of pashmina fibre which is harvested from about 0.15 million Changthangi goats reared by the Changpa nomads in Changthang region of Greater Ladakh. Changthangi goats are sometimes also called Changra goats. Pashmina producing goats are of great importance for revitalising the economy of the poverty stricken region of Changthang and the Leh district of Ladakh. The information on Changthangi goats was collected from both small and large-scale farmers in Ladakh, and 337 animals were included in the study.The body colour of Changthangi goats varies from white to light brown and nearly whole body is covered with pashmina and long hairs. The average birth weights of male and female kids were estimated as 2.11 ± 0.3 and 2.06 ± 0.2 kg, respectively while weight at 300 days was found to be 20.0 ± 2.1 and 18.7 ± 1.9 kg in male and females respectively.The pashmina yields of bucks, does, male hoggets and female hoggets were estimated as 402 ± 19 g, 248 ± 14 g, 255 ± 12 and 280 ± 16 g, respectively. The length of pashmina fibre was found to be 4.25 ± 1.2 cm in males and 4.02 ± 1.5 cm in females while fibre diameter in male and female goats was estimated as 12.9 ± 2.6 μ and 13.0 ± 3.0 μ, respectively.The twining rate was found to be very low, nearly 0.3%. A preliminary study at DNA level with PCR-RFLP indicated monomorphism at the growth hormone gene. The occurrence of disease was quite low although some genetic deformities in this breed were not uncommon.

scholarly journals Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ou ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Xianning Xu ◽  
Lili Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Imaging Performance

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

Reactions to Pain in Various Abnormal Mental States

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (422) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel ◽  
A. J. Oldham ◽  
A. S. C. Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Receptive Aphasia ◽  
External Stimuli

The study on which we are going to report has its origin in a clinical observation made twenty-six years ago (Schilderand Stengel,1928).An elderly female patient whose main symptom was a receptive aphasia, showed a peculiar reaction to painful stimuli. She failed to withdraw from the source of those stimuli, or did so only to a very slight degree, irrespective of the part of the body surface affected. She never showed that tendency to total withdrawal which characterizes normal behaviour. Sometimes she exhibited paradoxical reactions in that she followed the stimuli with her hand as if to invite more pain. There was no indication of a disturbance of perception. That the patient perceived pain could be inferred from her utterances and from wincing, which she often showed very markedly, while at the same time failing to withdraw the afflicted part of her body. This was another argument against the presence of a disturbance of sensation which did not affect the whole body surface. Within a few weeks the aphasia subsided sufficiently to enable the patient to talk about her attitude to the painful stimuli. She definitely experienced them as such but did not seem to mind them. Reactions to certain other stimuli were found to be equally abnormal. Neither a match lit close to her eyes, nor a loud clap, would cause her to withdraw in a normal manner. It did not make any noticeable difference whether these stimuli were sprung on her unexpectedly or whether she could watch them being inflicted, nor did it matter who administered them. In marked contrast to the apparent indifference to external stimuli, the patient was sensitive to internal pains and used to complain in an almost hypochondriacal manner about stomach pain. The same discrepancy was noticed in other cases. The patient's peculiar behaviour in relation to painful or other noxious stimuli inflicted from outside which are usually experienced and reacted to as threats, was assumed to be due to a disorder on a higher level of integration. It was called, perhaps not very aptly,asymbolia for pain, the patient, while able to perceive pain, being unable to appreciate its significance as a signal of danger and to react accordingly. The term is obviously not comprehensive enough and does not take into account the patient's failure to respond normally to other external stimuli to which the usual reaction is withdrawal. This behaviour pattern was subsequently observed in a considerable number of cases. Clinical observations suggested that this symptom was related to parietal lobe lesions in the dominant hemisphere, and this was borne out by a series of post-mortem examinations. Asymbolia for pain has since been observed by others and is often referred to among the effects of parietal lobe lesions. However there is still much that is obscure about it. In psychiatric hospitals one can often observe it in cases of brain atrophy in which the parietal, or parieto-temporal area is more severely involved than other parts of the brain. The symptom fits well into the present-day concepts of parietal lobe syndromes (Critchley, 1951). It implies an inability to integrate external stimuli, or, as Schilder put it, to connect the experience of pain with the body image.

Considerations on Dynamic Contact Force with Catenary for the EP3 Pantograph

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Sebeşan ◽  
Sorin Arsene
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
Force Variation

Power supply the energy needed for locomotives and electric trains is performed by means of pantographs on the bodywork. These high performance producing vehicles in so far as the contact between the collector (pantograph) and the catenary (contact line) is achieved and maintained regardless of speed. Thanks to the constructive type of the pantograph and the location of the contact force varies in relation to speed and can give rise to phenomena of oscillators that enhances the vertical movements of the wire feeder. As such the problem is essential for a good current collection is dynamic in nature. The most favorable way of current collection is achieved when between full and contact wire can maintain contact through a permanent and constant contact, a situation difficult to achieve in practice because of the first bump of the contact line. Juddering movements in vehicle while walking to a modification of the contact pressure which, however, it was found that is negligible in relation to the wave-like movements of the contact line. This article has looked at what is the dynamic contact force variation where the pantograph is located on the body of the locomotive EP3 LE 060 EA of 5100 kW. For this I started from the constructive characteristics of the components of the pantograph.

scholarly journals The Absorption Of Chloride Ions By The Anal Papillae Of Diptera Larvae

1938 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Diptera Larvae

By micro-chloride determinations combined with other observations, it is shown that Chironomus and Culex larvae are able to take up chloride parenterally from solutions with a chloride content corresponding to that of ordinary fresh water. This active absorption takes place exclusively in the anal papillae (anal gills). Since, in Chironomus, salt diffuses continually through the whole body surface, these organs, by their salt-absorbing function, play an important part in maintaining the salt content of the body fluid.

scholarly journals Dosimetric predictors of treatment-related lymphopenia induced by palliative radiotherapy: predictive ability of dose-volume parameters based on body surface contour

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Saito ◽  
Ryo Toya ◽  
Tomohiko Matsuyama ◽  
Akiko Semba ◽  
Natsuo Oya
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Contour ◽  
Dose Volume ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background Radiation-related lymphopenia has been associated with poor patient outcome. Our aim was to identify predictors of lymphopenia after palliative radiotherapy, with a focus on dose-volume parameters. Patients and methods To retrospectively assess patients with various cancers who had undergone palliative radiotherapy, we delineated three organs at risk: the volume enclosed by the body surface contour (body A), the volume left after excluding air, pleural effusion, ascites, bile, urine, and intestinal content (body B), and the volume of the bone marrow (BM). We then noted the absolute volume of the three organs at risk that had received 5-30 Gy, and assessed the predictive value for post-treatment lymphopenia of grade 3 or higher (LP3+). Results Of 54 patients, 23 (43%) developed LP3+. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that body A V5, body A V10, body B V5, body B V10, the number of fractions, and splenic irradiation were significant predictors of LP3+ (p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, body A V5, body A V10, body B V5, body B V10, and the number of fractions retained significance (p < 0.05). BM dose-volume parameters did not predict lymphopenia. Conclusions Higher body A and body B dose-volume parameters and a larger number of fractions may be predictors of severe lymphopenia after palliative radiotherapy.

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