On the Deployment of Routing Protocols in MANET with High Mobility

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dong ◽  
Xianggen Luo ◽  
Wenliang Zhao ◽  
Wenhua Bai
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Mobility

Study on a Novel GIS-Based Routing Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 2969-2972
Author(s):  
Yue Wei Wang ◽  
Ding Yi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Scenario Simulation ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
The City

Given a scenario of Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET), this paper presented a GIS-Based routing (GBR) strategy to resolve frequent reconstruction caused by rapid topology changes. Due to the use of road information based on GIS, the protocol can evade permanent or temporary topology holes respectively which frequently occurred in the city scenario. Simulation results showed new routing protocols could achieve better performance in packet delivery ratio and proved GBR’s lower routing overhead, as well as it is better performances in high mobility, compared with DSR in urban vehicle environment.

scholarly journals Review on Security of Information Dissemination and Various Protocols in the Internet-of-Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Shradha Tembhare ◽  
Abhishek Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
Distinct Features

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is viewed as a developing worldview for associated vehicles to trade their data with different vehicles utilizing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) correspondences by framing a vehicular ad-hoc systems (VANETs), with roadside units utilizing vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) interchanges. Performance of this smart ITS mainly owes to the design of efficient routing protocols in VANETs. Distinct features of VANETs like unsteady connectivity, high mobility and partitioning of the network have made routing of the information in VANETs difficult and challenging, hence dictating the development of efficient routing protocols. The computation of the best route measures the performance of communication whereas routing protocols takes care of communication & routing of the data. Provision of smart communication, necessitates the analysis of routing protocols in VANET. Accordingly in this paper, reviewed various types of existing routing protocols and security approaches in VANET are discussed.

scholarly journals A Novel Greedy Forwarding Mechanism Based on Density, Speed and Direction Parameters for Vanets

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Amina Bengag ◽  
Asmae Bengag ◽  
Mohamed Elboukhari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Hoc Networks

In the recent years, the study and developments of networks that do not depend on any pre-existing infrastructure have been very popular. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) belong to the class of these networks, in which each vehicle participates in routing by transmitting data for other nodes (vehicles). Due to the characteristics of VANET (e.g. high dynamic topology, different communication environment, frequently link breakage…), the routing process still one of the most challenging aspects. Hence, many routing protocols have been suggested to overcome these challenges. Moreover, routing protocols based on the position of vehicles are the most popular and preferred class, thanks to its many advantages like the less control overhead and the scalability. However, this class suffer from some problems such as frequent link breakages caused by the high-mobility of vehicles, which cause a low PDR and throughput. In this investigation, we introduce a novel greedy forwarding strategy used to create a new routing protocol based on the position of vehicles, to reduce the link breakages and get a stable route that improves the PDR and throughput. The proposed Density and Velocity (Speed, Direction) Aware Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing protocol (DVA-GPSR) is based on the suggested greedy forwarding technique that utilizes the density, the speed and the direction for selecting the most convenient relaying node candidate. The results of simulation prove that DVA-GPSR protocol outperforms the classical GPSR in all studied metrics like PDR, throughput, and the ratio of routing overhead by changing the quantity of vehicles in urban and highway scenarios.

AN IMPROVED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY IN AD HOC ON-DEMAND ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Al-Nahari ◽  
Mohd. Murtadha Mohamad ◽  
Raja Zahilah
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Demand Routing

In high mobility and high traffic load network situations, the delay time is affected with high end-to-end delay in reactive routing protocols such as AODV. In this paper we proposed an enhanced receiver-based AODV (ERB-AODV) routing protocol by improving the maintenance phase in AODV. ERB-AODV protocol focuses on decreasing the end-to-end delay and the control overhead in high mobility and traffic load. The receiver node uses a controller agent to update the sender node of the current available path. The agent works depend on the history of receiving data packets. Using glomosim, the ERB-ADOV protocol outperforms the AODV protocol in high mobility and traffic load. Results show that, in high mobility, the delay is decreased by 81% and the control overhead is decreased by 77%. The delay is decreased by 91% in high traffic load, and decreases the control overhead by -77% compared with AODV protocol. These results show the improvement of network delay using the new maintenance strategy on on-demand routing protocols for MANETs.

scholarly journals Multi Constraints Optimal Path based on Routing Protocols in VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4274-4278
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Narrow Road ◽  
Continuous Power

Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANETs) is a type of ad hoc network which has faced many challenges for its implementation such as Technical issues which include are Large Size area, Routing, Security, Congestion, High Mobility, Limited road topology, Intermitted connectivity, Continuous power transmission for significant computing communication & sensing of the network & On road issues include narrow road, unstructured road, all roads are not allowed for all vehicles, busy road, no defined speed on road, no road maintenance, high frequency of accidents, poor sign board, no road side amenities, multiple numbers of toll booths etc. In order to enhance the performance of the desired real time network link between the nodes must be stable and reliable so that information can be transmitted reliably to the desired destination. This paper has experimentally studied the optimal path for different routing protocols in VANETs. This paper clearly concludes which routing protocol is better under different parameters such as number of hops, average hop count, total packet send and received for the realistic environment.

AEGRP: AN ENHANCED GEOGRAPHICAL ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR VANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽  
Abdul Hanan Abdullah ◽  
Raja Waseem Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Awan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Network Delay ◽  
Geographical Routing

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), is a derivative type of mobile ad hoc networks with its unique characteristics and an essential part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). In VANET, the vehicles can disseminate information to certain or all vehicles within a region for different applications. Applications can be categorized as safety, convenience and comfort of the driver and passengers such as traffic conditions, accident detection, roadway safety, mobile sensing, and infotainment. These promising applications require intelligent and efficient routing protocols, which are capable of adapting rapidly changing topologies, high mobility in the network. Geographic routing protocols have become a popular routing type because of its simplicity and low overhead features, but recent research has recognized these protocols are not considering many particular constraints of the vehicular environment. However, existing routing protocols offered limited performance due to frequent disconnectivity, high signal interference in the presence of obstacles and lead to network delay and overhead issues. The main objective of this paper is to design an enhanced geographical routing protocol that addresses the network delay problems and provide necessary improvements over conventional geographic routing in light of constraints of these environments. 

scholarly journals Congestion-aware and Predictive Geo-Casting Routing Mechanisms for Mobile ad hoc Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Congestion Aware

Abstract Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) has gained remarkable appreciation during the last decade because of its high flexibility. Due to high mobility and unpredictable topology changes, most of the existing routing protocols are unable to adapt to these changes and efficient route selection becomes a challenging task. The existing routing protocols incur high control overhead during route discovery process, tendency to select an unreliable route and high data packet loss during route maintenance. Therefore, this paper presents A Congestion-aware and Predictive Geo-casting Routing Mechanism (CPGR) for MANET that optimally utilize the constrained network resources and reliably detect high-quality links. CPGR exploits a multi-facet routing strategy that takes into consideration the congestion level, relatively higher signal strength, and hop-counts of neigh- boring nodes while making routing decisions. This strategy not only ensures data dissemination via high quality nodes but also balances out resource consumption among nodes while traversing through shorter paths. Demonstrated by simulation results in NS-2, CPGR achieves improved performance in terms of end-to-end delay, control overhead, and packet delivery ratio as compared to existing solutions.

scholarly journals Routing Protocols for the Aircraft AD HOC Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11177-11183
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Very High

The communication between the aircraft-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-ground can be established with the support of Aircraft Ad hoc Networks (AANET). Routing in the aircraft ad hoc networks is a challenging task due to its unique attributes such as very high mobility of the aircraft nodes and dynamic topology. Few research works had developed routing environment and protocols for the dynamic topology based AANET. This paper analyses the developments of the routing protocols for the aircraft ad hoc networks. This paper extensively discusses the routing protocols and comparative analyses of the performance metrics namely throughput, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, routing overhead, and number of handoffs. Further, this work deliberates the aircraft ad hoc networks simulation environment, aircraft’s velocity, different radio propagation models of aircraft simulation model. Various challenges and issues of routing protocols are extensively analyzed and compared with existing methodologies in this paper.

scholarly journals Dynamic Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using Topology-Based Routing Protocols

Drones ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asghar Khan ◽  
Inam Ullah Khan ◽  
Alamgir Safi ◽  
Ijaz Mansoor Quershi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Network Load ◽  
End To End ◽  
Hoc Networks

The ever-increasing demand for flexible and portable communications has led to a rapid evolution in networking between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) often referred to as flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs). However, due to the exclusive characteristics of UAVs such as high mobility, frequent topology change and 3D space movement, make routing a challenging task in FANETs. Due to these characteristics, designing new routing protocols for FANETs is quite difficult. In the literature study of FANETs, a variety of traditional ad-hoc networking protocols have been suggested and tested for FANETs to establish an efficient and robust communication among the UAVs. In this context, topology-based routing is considered the most significant approach for solving the routing issues in FANETs. Therefore, in this article we specifically focus on topology-based routing protocols with the aim of improving the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and network load. We present a brief review of the most important topology-based routing protocols in the context of FANETs. We provide them with their working features for exchanging information, along with the pros and cons of each protocol. Moreover, simulation analyses of some of the topology-based routing protocols are also evaluated in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput and network load the using optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator. Furthermore, this work can be used as a source of reference for researchers and network engineers who seek literature that is relevant to routing in FANETs.

Supporting high mobility by end-host assistance - preventing overrunning of routing protocols

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mahmood Hasanlou ◽  
Nasser Yazdani ◽  
Ali Movaghar ◽  
Reza Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Mobility
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