Study on a Novel GIS-Based Routing Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 2969-2972
Author(s):  
Yue Wei Wang ◽  
Ding Yi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Scenario Simulation ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
The City

Given a scenario of Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET), this paper presented a GIS-Based routing (GBR) strategy to resolve frequent reconstruction caused by rapid topology changes. Due to the use of road information based on GIS, the protocol can evade permanent or temporary topology holes respectively which frequently occurred in the city scenario. Simulation results showed new routing protocols could achieve better performance in packet delivery ratio and proved GBR’s lower routing overhead, as well as it is better performances in high mobility, compared with DSR in urban vehicle environment.

scholarly journals Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yelena Trofimova ◽  
Pavel Tvrdík
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, it influences the routing choice from outside by delaying the route request messages of untrusted nodes. The performance of the method was evaluated on the use case of sensor nodes sending data to a sink node. The experiments showed that the method improves the packet delivery ratio in the network by about 70%. Performance analysis of the TARA method provided recommendations for its application in a particular ad hoc network.

Research of Ad Hoc Network Routing Based on NS2 by Performance Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4633-4636
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Tan ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Ns2 Simulation

In recent years,the ad hoc network has been paid extensive attention due to its characteristics of non-center and self-organization.Firstly this paper introduces three typical routing protocols AODV,DSDV,DSR,and the principles of them; then,adopts the NS2 simulation platform to simulate the performance of end-to-end delay,routing overhead and packet delivery ratio by changing the number of nodes and the paused time of nodes.Finally,by comparing the simulating results, the comparison conclusion is provided.

A Directional Forward Routing Protocol Based on Spray and Wait in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 2442-2446
Author(s):  
Jie Han ◽  
Lun Tang ◽  
Xiao Qin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Buffer Management ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In recent years, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) attracts more and more attention. VANET is a special Mobile Ad Hoc Network, the network suffers from high mobility so that the end-to-end path may not exist all the time. First, this paper proposed the improvement of spray phase, combined with the real situation of VANET. Second, we choose the best performance of neighbor node as next hop in forward phase. Third, it has an available buffer management mechanism to increase packet delivery ratio and reduce the overhead. The Simulation results show that DFSB routing can significantly enhance packet delivery ratio and decrease routing delay.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR and DYMO Routing Protocol in MANET

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Abdul Aziz ◽  
Nor Adora Endut ◽  
Shapina Abdullah ◽  
Mior Norazman Mior Daud
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
On Demand ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected wirelessly. MANET may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. Many routing protocols have been developed for MANETs over the past few years. This project evaluated three specific MANET routing protocols which are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand routing protocol (DYMO) to better understand the major characteristics of these routing protocols. Different performance aspects were investigated in this project including; packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput and average end-to-end delay. This project used Linux as an operating system based platform and discrete event simulator NS-2 as simulation software to compare the three MANET routing protocols. This project’s results indicated that all routing protocols perform well according to the performance metrics that have been selected. For packet delivery ratio metric, performance of AODV, DSR and DYMO routing protocols are quite similar to each other. The DSR performance is better compared to AODV and DYMO and has stable normalized routing overhead. In terms of throughput, DYMO routing protocol performs the best as compared to AODV and DSR. Finally, for average end to end delay, DYMO and AODV perform well in comparison with DSR.

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Aarti Gautam Dinker
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

scholarly journals TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DATA PADA AD HOC NETWORK COMMUNICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmadya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets

Ad Hoc Network Communication is mobile networks communications and have a high mobility for each of its nodes. This type of network communications is a temporary networkwith utilizing a WiFi network or Bluethoot as a medium of communications. In the entirenetwork, node moves with a speed varying and unpredictable direction. Packets data delivery from the source node to destination node by using an ad hoc network requires its owntechniques. In this research discussed the existing data communication technique inVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) Communications with attention: Broadcasting Time, Routing Protocol, Message Dissemination, Delay Tolerant Network Dissemination and / DTN.These techniques can increase the delivery ratio / sending data packets to the destination as well as a smaller delay time. In order to maintain the integrity of the data packets received bythe destination node, the authors have proposed a method of duplicate messages in thisresearch.

Analysis of Effective Routing Protocols for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Bansal ◽  
Ram Shringar Raw
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Networking Technology

Recently, the flying ad-hoc network (FANETs) is a popular networking technology used to create a wireless network through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this network, the UAV nodes work as intermediate nodes that communicate with each other to transmit data packets over the network, in the absence of fixed an infrastructure. Due to high mobility degree of UAV nodes, network formation and deformation among the UAVs are very frequent. Therefore, effective routing is a more challenging issue in FANETs. This paper presents performance evaluations and comparisons of the popular topology-based routing protocol namely AODV and position-based routing protocol, namely LAR for high speed mobility as well as a verity of the density of UAV nodes in the FANETs environment through NS-2 simulator. The extensive simulation results have shown that LAR gives better performance than AODV significantly in terms of the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and average throughput, which make it a more effective routing protocol for the highly dynamic nature of FANETs.

Analysis of Reinforcement Based Adaptive Routing in MANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Desai ◽  
B P Patil
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithms

<p class="Abstract">This paper describes and evaluates the performance of various reinforcement learning algorithms with shortest path algorithms that are widely used for routing packets through the network. Shortest path routing is the simplest policy used for routing the packets along the path having minimum number of hops. In high traffic or high mobility conditions, the shortest path get flooded with huge number of packets and congestions occurs, So such shortest path does not provides the shortest path and increases delay for reaching the packets to the destination. Reinforcement learning algorithms are adaptive algorithms where the path is selected based on the traffic present on the network at real time. Thus they guarantee the least delivery time to reach the packets to the destination. Analysis done on a 6 by 6 irregular grid and sample ad hoc network shows that performance parameters used for judging the network - packet delivery ratio and delay provides optimum results using reinforcement learning algorithms. </p>

A Novel DSR-Based Protocol for Small Reconnaissance UAV Ad Hoc Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1272-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Xiao Cheng Liu ◽  
Yue Feng Pang ◽  
Wei Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Short Network

Based on the traditional DSR Protocol has obvious drawbacks such as short network lifetime in the small reconnaissance UAV ad hoc network, a routing protocols called UEDSR(UAV Energy Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) suitable for small reconnaissance UAV ad hoc network is proposed. This protocol introduces the energy balancing mechanism into the algorithms based on DSR, then improves the situation of excessive energy consumption of hot nodes and prolongs the network lifetime. The simulation of protocol by NS2 illustrates that comparing to DSR the UEDSR protocol achieves about 7% increase in the network lifetime and the packet delivery and the average of network throughput are effectively improved.

scholarly journals TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DATA PADA AD HOC NETWORK COMMUNICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmadya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets

Ad Hoc Network Communication is mobile networks communications and have a high mobility for each of its nodes. This type of network communications is a temporary networkwith utilizing a WiFi network or Bluethoot as a medium of communications. In the entirenetwork, node moves with a speed varying and unpredictable direction. Packets data delivery from the source node to destination node by using an ad hoc network requires its owntechniques. In this research discussed the existing data communication technique inVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) Communications with attention: Broadcasting Time, Routing Protocol, Message Dissemination, Delay Tolerant Network Dissemination and / DTN.These techniques can increase the delivery ratio / sending data packets to the destination as well as a smaller delay time. In order to maintain the integrity of the data packets received bythe destination node, the authors have proposed a method of duplicate messages in thisresearch.

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