Dual-Printed Soil Sensors for Nitrate and Moisture Monitoring

<p>Melting and evaporation of hydrometeors in and below convective clouds generates cold, dense air that falls through the atmospheric column and spreads at the surface like a density current, the cold pool. In modelling studies, the importance of cold pools in controlling the lifecycle of convection has often been emphasized, being through their organization of the cloud field or through their sheer deepening of the convection. Larger, longer-lived cold pools benefit convection, but little is actually known on the size and internal structure of cold pools from observations as the majority of cold pools are too small to be captured by the operational surface network. &#160;One aim of the field campaign FESSTVaL was to peer into the internal structure of cold pools and their interactions with the underlying land surface by deploying a dense network of surface observations. This network consisted of 80 self-designed cold pool loggers, 19 weather stations and 83 soil sensors deployed in an area of 15 km around Lindenberg. FESSTVaL took place from 17 May to 27 August 2021.</p> <p>In principle, cold pool characteristics are affected both by the atmospheric state, which fuels cold pools through melting and evaporation of hydrometeors, and the land surface, which acts to destroy cold pools through friction and warming by surface fluxes. In this talk, the measurements collected during FESSTVaL will be used to shed light on these interactions. &#160;We are particularly interested to assess how homogeneous the internal structure of cold pools is and whether heterogeneities of the land surface imprint themselves on this internal structure. The results will be compared to available model simulations.</p>

Download Full-text

Comparing the Ability of Multiple Soil Sensors to Predict Soil Properties in a Scottish Potato Production System

Proximal Soil Sensing ◽

10.1007/978-90-481-8859-8_33 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 387-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. A. Taylor ◽

M. Short ◽

A.B. McBratney ◽

J. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Production System ◽

Potato Production ◽

Soil Sensors

Download Full-text

U.S. Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture and Temperature Observations

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-12-0146.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 977-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Jesse E. Bell ◽

Michael A. Palecki ◽

C. Bruce Baker ◽

William G. Collins ◽

Jay H. Lawrimore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Performance Studies ◽

Climate Science ◽

Reference Network ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Soil Sensors ◽

National Climatic Data Center ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

And Performance ◽

Soil Climate

Abstract The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) is a network of climate-monitoring stations maintained and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide climate-science-quality measurements of air temperature and precipitation. The stations in the network were designed to be extensible to other missions, and the National Integrated Drought Information System program determined that the USCRN could be augmented to provide observations that are more drought relevant. To increase the network’s capability of monitoring soil processes and drought, soil observations were added to USCRN instrumentation. In 2011, the USCRN team completed at each USCRN station in the conterminous United States the installation of triplicate-configuration soil moisture and soil temperature probes at five standards depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) as prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization; in addition, the project included the installation of a relative humidity sensor at each of the stations. Work is also under way to eventually install soil sensors at the expanding USCRN stations in Alaska. USCRN data are stewarded by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center, and instrument engineering and performance studies, installation, and maintenance are performed by the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division. This article provides a technical description of the USCRN soil observations in the context of U.S. soil-climate–measurement efforts and discusses the advantage of the triple-redundancy approach applied by the USCRN.

Download Full-text

Profile Soil Property Estimation Using a VIS-NIR-EC-Force Probe

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 683-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yongjin Cho ◽

Kenneth A. Sudduth ◽

Scott T. Drummond

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Water Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Property ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Reflectance Spectra ◽

Land Resource ◽

Strength Data ◽

Soil Sensors ◽

Combining Data

Abstract. Combining data collected in-field from multiple soil sensors has the potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of soil property estimates. Optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to estimate many important soil properties, such as soil carbon, water content, and texture. Other common soil sensors include penetrometers that measure soil strength and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors. Previous field research has related these sensor measurements to soil properties such as bulk density, water content, and texture. A commercial instrument that can simultaneously collect reflectance spectra, ECa, and soil strength data is now available. The objective of this research was to relate laboratory-measured soil properties, including bulk density (BD), total organic carbon (TOC), water content (WC), and texture fractions to sensor data from this instrument. At four field sites in mid-Missouri, profile sensor measurements were obtained to 0.9 m depth, followed by collection of soil cores at each site for laboratory measurements. Using only DRS data, BD, TOC, and WC were not well-estimated (R2 = 0.32, 0.67, and 0.40, respectively). Adding ECa and soil strength data provided only a slight improvement in WC estimation (R2 = 0.47) and little to no improvement in BD and TOC estimation. When data were analyzed separately by major land resource area (MLRA), fusion of data from all sensors improved soil texture fraction estimates. The largest improvement compared to reflectance alone was for MLRA 115B, where estimation errors for the various soil properties were reduced by approximately 14% to 26%. This study showed promise for in-field sensor measurement of some soil properties. Additional field data collection and model development are needed for those soil properties for which a combination of data from multiple sensors is required. Keywords: NIR spectroscopy, Precision agriculture, Reflectance spectra, Soil properties, Soil sensing.

Download Full-text

Control of Substrate Water Availability Using Soil Sensors and Effects of Water Deficit on the Morphology and Physiology of Potted Hebe andersonii

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010206 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Daniel Bañón ◽

Beatriz Lorente ◽

Sebastián Bañón ◽

María Fernanda Ortuño ◽

María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Production Costs ◽

Plant Production ◽

Adjustment Process ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Soil Sensors ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Substrate Moisture

Many plant producers tend to overwater crops to prevent water stress and salt-induced damage. These practices waste irrigation water and cause leaching that harms the environment and increases production costs. In order to optimize water consumption and minimize the environmental impact of plant production, this study aimed to determine the physiological and morphological responses of Hebe andersonii to three substrate volumetric water contents (49%, 39%, and 32%). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with an irrigation protocol that consisted of adding small volumes of water to avoid leaching while monitoring substrate moisture with dielectric soil sensors. The results showed that moderately low substrate moisture improved the water-use efficiency, while growth was significantly reduced under more severe water deficit conditions (but without leaf chlorosis or abscission). The photosynthetic activity of Hebe was primarily controlled by the stomatal aperture, which was co-determined by the substrate moisture and seasonal temperature. Hebe leaves promoted non-photochemical quenching when carbon assimilation was limited by a water deficit, and accumulated solutes through an osmotic adjustment process (especially Cl−, Na+, and K+) to maintain their water status. Overall, Hebe andersoni cv. Variegata could successfully grow and improve its water-use efficiency in low substrate moisture and under a non-draining irrigation regime.

Download Full-text

Monitoring Water‐Soil Dynamics and Tree Survival Using Soil Sensors under a Big Data Approach

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19214634 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (21) ◽

pp. 4634

Author(s):

Pascual ◽

Rivera ◽

Gómez ◽

Domínguez-Lerena

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Soil Water ◽

Real Time ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Species Selection ◽

Soil Dynamics ◽

Small Scale ◽

Soil Water Dynamics ◽

Soil Sensors ◽

Tree Survival

The high importance of green urban planning to ensure access to green areas requires modern and multi-source decision-support tools. The integration of remote sensing data and sensor developments can contribute to the improvement of decision-making in urban forestry. This study proposes a novel big data-based methodology that combines real-time information from soil sensors and climate data to monitor the establishment of a new urban forest in semi-arid conditions. Water‐soil dynamics and their implication in tree survival were analyzed considering the application of different treatment restoration techniques oriented to facilitate the recovery of tree and shrub vegetation in the degraded area. The synchronized data-capturing scheme made it possible to evaluate hourly, daily, and seasonal changes in soil‐water dynamics. The spatial variation of soil‐water dynamics was captured by the sensors and it highly contributed to the explanation of the observed ground measurements on tree survival. The methodology showed how the efficiency of treatments varied depending on species selection and across the experimental design. The use of retainers for improving soil moisture content and adjusting tree-watering needs was, on average, the most successful restoration technique. The results and the applied calibration of the sensor technology highlighted the random behavior of water‐soil dynamics despite the small-scale scope of the experiment. The results showed the potential of this methodology to assess watering needs and adjust watering resources to the vegetation status using real-time atmospheric and soil data.

Download Full-text

Irrigation scheduling techniques and irrigation frequency on capsicum growth and yield

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v86n211.77678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (211) ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

Leandro Candido Gordin ◽

Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽

José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽

Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽

Alexsandro Claudio Dos Santos Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Management ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Area Index ◽

Moisture Sensor ◽

Soil Moisture Sensor ◽

Soil Sensors ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Factorial Design Experiment

The present study aimed to evaluate different irrigation scheduling strategies on capsicum growth and yield inprotected environment. The experiment was carried out at the Northeastern of Brazil. Five irrigation scheduling techniques to define water depth (weighing lysimeter, Hargreaves-Samani equation, Piché evaporimeter, tensiometer and soil moisture sensor) andtwo application frequencies (F1-once a day and F2-alternating frequency) were tested. A completely randomized factorial design experiment was installed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight replicates. It was observed that the variables stem diameter and leaf area index were influenced by the irrigation scheduling techniques, and treatments based on Hargreaves-Samani and lysimeter scheduling methods led to the lowest values. Fruit biometric parameters were significantly affected only by the Hargreaves-Samani treatment. It can be concluded that both irrigation scheduling techniques and frequencies influenced capsicum growth and yield. Furthermore, irrigation management techniques based on soil sensors caused the highest yields.

Download Full-text

On-the-go soil sensors for precision agriculture

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ◽

10.1016/j.compag.2004.03.002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 71-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 343

Author(s):

V.I Adamchuk ◽

J.W Hummel ◽

M.T Morgan ◽

S.K Upadhyaya

Keyword(s):

Precision Agriculture ◽

Soil Sensors

Download Full-text