scholarly journals Irrigation scheduling techniques and irrigation frequency on capsicum growth and yield

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Leandro Candido Gordin ◽  
Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽  
José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽  
Alexsandro Claudio Dos Santos Almeida ◽  
...  

The present study aimed to evaluate different irrigation scheduling strategies on capsicum growth and yield inprotected environment. The experiment was carried out at the Northeastern of Brazil. Five irrigation scheduling techniques to define water depth (weighing lysimeter, Hargreaves-Samani equation, Piché evaporimeter, tensiometer and soil moisture sensor) andtwo application frequencies (F1-once a day and F2-alternating frequency) were tested. A completely randomized factorial design experiment was installed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight replicates. It was observed that the variables stem diameter and leaf area index were influenced by the irrigation scheduling techniques, and treatments based on Hargreaves-Samani and lysimeter scheduling methods led to the lowest values. Fruit biometric parameters were significantly affected only by the Hargreaves-Samani treatment. It can be concluded that both irrigation scheduling techniques and frequencies influenced capsicum growth and yield. Furthermore, irrigation management techniques based on soil sensors caused the highest yields.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Busari ◽  
A. Senzanje ◽  
A. O. Odindo ◽  
C. A. Buckley

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of irrigation management techniques using anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent on the growth and yield of rice. It was hypothesized that irrigation techniques with ABR effluent have a significant effect on the growth, yield of rice, water productivity (WP) and water balance (WB). The experimental setup was a randomized complete block design for 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, three treatments each with three replications. The treatments were alternating wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF). The effect of irrigation management techniques was significant (P < 0.05) for the 2017 season but insignificant (P > 0.05) in 2018 on the yield. The effect of irrigation treatments on WP was significant (P < 0.05). The effects were not significant (P > 0.05) on the plant height, leave area index (LAI) and number of tillers per plant. However, the effect was significant (P < 0.05) on the number of panicles per plant. The effects of irrigation treatments were significant (P < 0.05) on number of irrigation, amount of irrigation, total water use and daily field WB. In conclusion, the result proved the acceptability of the hypothesis. AWD irrigation with ABR effluent should be encouraged among rice farmers.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz M. Okasha ◽  
Hasnaa G. Ibrahim ◽  
Adel H. Elmetwalli ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Khedher ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen ◽  
...  

Precise and quick estimates of soil moisture content for the purpose of irrigation scheduling are fundamentally important. They can be accomplished through the continuous monitoring of moisture content in the root zone area, which can be accomplished through automatic soil moisture sensors. Commercial soil moisture sensors are still expensive to be used by famers, particularly in developing countries, such as Egypt. This research aimed to design and calibrate a locally manufactured low-cost soil moisture sensor attached to a smart monitoring unit operated by Solar Photo Voltaic Cells (SPVC). The designed sensor was evaluated on clay textured soils in both lab and controlled greenhouse environments. The calibration results demonstrated a strong correlation between sensor readings and soil volumetric water content (θV). Higher soil moisture content was associated with decreased sensor output voltage with an average determination coefficient (R2) of 0.967 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.014. A sensor-to-sensor variability test was performed yielding a 0.045 coefficient of variation. The results obtained from the real conditions demonstrated that the monitoring system for real-time sensing of soil moisture and environmental conditions inside the greenhouse could be a robust, accurate, and cost-effective tool for irrigation management.


EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Mayeso Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi ◽  
Arnold Schumann ◽  
...  

Water is a limiting factor in Florida citrus production during the majority of the year because of the low water holding capacity of sandy soils resulting from low clay and the non-uniform distribution of the rainfall. In Florida, the major portion of rainfall comes in June through September. However, rainfall is scarce during the dry period from February through May, which coincides with the critical stages of bloom, leaf expansion, fruit set, and fruit enlargement. Irrigation is practiced to provide water when rainfall is not sufficient or timely to meet water needs. Proper irrigation scheduling is the application of water to crops only when needed and only in the amounts needed; that is, determining when to irrigate and how much water to apply. With proper irrigation scheduling, yield will not be limited by water stress. With citrus greening (HLB), irrigation scheduling is becoming more important and critical and growers cannot afford water stress or water excess. Any degree of water stress or imbalance can produce a deleterious change in physiological activity of growth and production of citrus trees.  The number of fruit, fruit size, and tree canopy are reduced and premature fruit drop is increased with water stress.  Extension growth in shoots and roots and leaf expansion are all negatively impacted by water stress. Other benefits of proper irrigation scheduling include reduced loss of nutrients from leaching as a result of excess water applications and reduced pollution of groundwater or surface waters from the leaching of nutrients. Recent studies have shown that for HLB-affected trees, irrigation frequency should increase and irrigation amounts should decrease to minimize water stress from drought stress or water excess, while ensuring optimal water availability in the rootzone at all times.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Camille Rousset ◽  
Timothy J. Clough ◽  
Peter R. Grace ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Clemens Scheer

Pastures require year-round access to water and in some locations rely on irrigation during dry periods. Currently, there is a dearth of knowledge about the potential for using irrigation to mitigate N2O emissions. This study aimed to mitigate N2O losses from intensely managed pastures by adjusting irrigation frequency using soil gas diffusivity (Dp/Do) thresholds. Two irrigation regimes were compared; a standard irrigation treatment based on farmer practice (15 mm applied every 3 days) versus an optimised irrigation treatment where irrigation was applied when soil Dp/Do was ≈0.033 (equivalent to 50% of plant available water). Cow urine was applied at a rate of 700 kg N ha−1 to simulate a ruminant urine deposition event. In addition to N2O fluxes, soil moisture content was monitored hourly, Dp/Do was modelled, and pasture dry matter production was measured. Standard irrigation practices resulted in higher (p = 0.09) cumulative N2O emissions than the optimised irrigation treatment. Pasture growth rates under treatments did not differ. Denitrification during re-wetting events (irrigation and rain) contributed to soil N2O emissions. These results warrant further modelling of irrigation management as a mitigation option for N2O emissions from pasture soils, based on Dp/Do thresholds, rainfall, plant water demands and evapotranspiration.


HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said A. Hamido ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni

Because of the decline in production and negative economic effects, there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce the impact of Huanglongbing (HLB) on citrus [Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different irrigation schedules on total available soil water (TAW) and water uptake characteristics of citrus trees affected by HLB in central and southwest Florida. The study was initiated in Jan. 2014 for 2 years on 5-year-old sweet orange trees located in three commercial groves at Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, FL. Each grove had three irrigation scheduling treatments including the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) recommendations, Daily irrigation, and an Intermediate treatment. All groves received similar volumes of water per week based on evapotranspiration (ETo) reported by the Florida Automated Weather Network. Sap flow (SF) measurements were taken for two trees per treatment for at least 10 days per site (twice/year). During those periods, leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), and stem water potential (Ψ) were determined. Also, TAW was determined using drainage curve and capacitance soil moisture sensors installed at incremental soil depths of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm. Results showed significant differences in average SF, LAI, Ψ, and TAW measurements among treatments. Diurnal SF value under daily irrigation treatment increased by 91%, 51%, and 105% compared with UF/IFAS irrigation in Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, respectively. Soil water contents (WCs) under daily treatment increased by 59%, 59%, and 70% compared with UF/IFAS irrigation treatment in Arcadia, Avon Park, and Immokalee, respectively. Our results indicated that daily irrigation improved tree water dynamics compared with IFAS or Intermediate irrigation scheduling treatments and reduced tree stress with the same volume of water.


2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pathan ◽  
L. Barton ◽  
T. D. Colmer

This study evaluated water application rates, leaching and quality of couch grass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Wintergreen) under a soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation system, compared with plots under conventional irrigation scheduling as recommended for domestic lawns in Perth, Western Australia by the State’s water supplier. The cumulative volume of water applied during summer to the field plots of turfgrass with the sensor-controlled system was 25% less than that applied to plots with conventional irrigation scheduling. During 154 days over summer and autumn, about 4% of the applied water drained from lysimeters in sensor-controlled plots, and about 16% drained from lysimeters in plots with conventional irrigation scheduling. Even though losses of mineral nitrogen via leaching were extremely small (representing only 1.1% of the total nitrogen applied to conventionally irrigated plots), losses were significantly lower in the sensor-controlled plots. Total clippings produced were 18% lower in sensor-controlled plots. Turfgrass colour in sensor-controlled plots was reduced during summer, but colour remained acceptable under both treatments. The soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation system enabled automatic implementation of irrigation events to match turfgrass water requirements.


Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.


Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan González-Teruel ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Blaya-Ros ◽  
Ana Toledo-Moreo ◽  
Manuel Jiménez-Buendía ◽  
...  

Water is the main limiting factor in agricultural production as well as a scarce resource that needs to be optimized. The measurement of soil water with sensors is an efficient way for optimal irrigation management. However, commercial sensors are still too expensive for most farmers. This paper presents the design, development and calibration of a new capacitive low-cost soil moisture sensor that incorporates SDI-12 communication, allowing one to select the calibration equation for different soils. The sensor was calibrated in three different soils and its variability and accuracy were evaluated. Lower but cost-compensated accuracy was observed in comparing it with commercial sensors. Field tests have demonstrated the temperature influence on the sensor and its capability to efficiently detect irrigation and rainfall events.


Irriga ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Fazal Hussain Chaudhry

PREVISÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE MILHO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO VIA MODELO DE SIMULAÇÃO[1]  Marcia Xavier PeiterCurso de Engenharia Agrícola - Universidade Regional do Alto Uruguai e Missões - URI Campus Santiago - Tel.(055)251-1715 - Rua 20 de setembro, 2410 - Santiago, RSFazal Hussain ChaudhryDepartamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento - Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos - USPTel.(016)274-3444 - Av. Dr. Carlos Botelho, 1465 - São Carlos, SP  1 RESUMO O advento de modelos simuladores de crescimento e produção de culturas agrícolas vem permitir que as quantidades de água aplicadas e o momento de rega possam ser testados com significativas reduções de custo, tempo e mão-de-obra, além do que, a estimativa da produção não é influenciada por eventuais fatores externos, alheios ao tratamento aplicado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação, calibração e validação de um modelo de simulação de produção para a cultura do milho quando submetido a diferentes níveis de irrigação, a fim de disponibilizar uma ferramenta que permita a análise desta cultura com maior rapidez e redução de custos. Para a validação do modelo, a cultivar de milho Pioneer 3069 foi submetida a quatro níveis de manejo de irrigação com três repetições em um conjunto de lisímetros de drenagem. Procedeu-se as irrigações sempre que a fração de água disponível fosse igual ou inferior a 0,90; 0,75; 0,60 e 0,45. Através dos resultados obtido, pode-se concluir que o modelo de simulação apresenta uma aceitável estrutura de rotinas para previsão da produção de massa seca total de milho quando a cultura é submetida a diferentes níveis de manejo de rega. Desta forma, o modelo pode ser utilizado para a avaliação das conseqüências produtivas e econômicas de diferentes estratégias de irrigação. UNITERMOS: Simulação, milho, manejo de irrigação  PEITER, M.X., CHAUDHRY, F.H. Corn yield predicted when submitted to different irrigation management levels by simulation model  2 ABSTRACT The advent of simulation models for growth and yield of crops makes it possible to test the influence of irrigation depths and their timings on the economy of agricultural production. This paper calibrates and validates a corn yield model for different irrigation management strategies to obtain a tool for rapid analysis of crop response without having to conduct repeated experiments. Thus, the corn cultivar Pioneer 3069 was submitted to four irrigation management levels with three replications in a number of drainage lysimiters. Irrigations were applied when the plant available water reaches 0,90; 0,75; 0,60 and 0,45. The results show that the calibrated model has an acceptable conceptual structure of computational routines to predict corn dry matter when the crop is irrigated according to different management levels. It is concluded further that the model is capable of predicting correctly the temporal variation of the observed leaf area index and soil water status. KEY-WORDS: Simulation, corn, irrigation management 


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