Automatic Segmentation of the Golgi Apparatus in Volumetric Data with Approximate Labels

AbstractTo obtain quantitative volumetric data for the Golgi apparatus after ionizing radiation (IR) using super-resolution three-dimensional structured illumination (3D-SIM) microscopy. Normal human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were irradiated with X-rays (10 Gy), followed by immunofluorescence staining of the Golgi marker RCAS1. 3D-SIM imaging was performed using DeltaVision OMX version 4 and SoftWoRx 6.1. Polygon rendering and spot signal identification were performed using Imaris 8.1.2. Differences between groups were assessed by Welch’s t test. RCAS1 signals in untreated cells were located adjacent to nuclei and showed a reticular morphology. Upon IR, the area of RCAS1 signals expanded while retaining the reticular morphology. Polygon rendering imaging revealed that the volume of RCAS1 at 48 h post-IR was greater than that for unirradiated cells (93.7 ± 19.0 μm3 vs. 33.0 ± 4.2 μm3, respectively; P < 0.001): a 2.8-fold increase. Spot signal imaging showed that the number of RCAS1 spot signals post-IR was greater than that for unirradiated cells [3.4 ± 0.8 (× 103) versus 1.3 ± 0.2 (× 103), respectively; P < 0.001]: a 2.7-fold increase. This is the first study to report quantitative volumetric data of the Golgi apparatus in response to IR using super-resolution 3D-SIM microscopy.

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Relationship between golgi apparatus and axonal reticulum in sympathetic ganglion cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083862 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 598-599

Author(s):

J. Quatacker ◽

W. De Potter

Keyword(s):

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Sympathetic Ganglion ◽

Phosphotungstic Acid ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Low Ph ◽

Dense Core ◽

Dense Core Vesicles ◽

Large Dense Core Vesicles ◽

Cervical Ganglia ◽

Axoplasmic Reticulum

Mucopolysaccharides have been demonstrated biochemically in catecholamine-containing subcellular particles in different rat, cat and ox tissues. As catecholamine-containing granules seem to arise from the Golgi apparatus and some also from the axoplasmic reticulum we examined wether carbohydrate macromolecules could be detected in the small and large dense core vesicles and in structures related to them. To this purpose superior cervical ganglia and irises from rabbit and cat and coeliac ganglia and their axons from dog were subjected to the chromaffin reaction to show the distribution of catecholamine-containing granules. Some material was also embedded in glycolmethacrylate (GMA) and stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH for the detection of carbohydrate macromolecules.The chromaffin reaction in the perikarya reveals mainly large dense core vesicles, but in the axon hillock, the axons and the terminals, the small dense core vesicles are more prominent. In the axons the small granules are sometimes seen inside a reticular network (fig. 1).

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Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072344 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 380-381

Author(s):

S.R. Allegra

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Ultrastructural Study ◽

The Other ◽

Blue Nevus ◽

Normal Complement ◽

Golgi Vesicles ◽

Golgi System ◽

The Subject ◽

Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

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A Protozoan Model for Golgi-Associated Calcification

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065705 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

D. C. Williams ◽

D. E. Outka

Keyword(s):

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Model System ◽

Sequential Formation

Many studies have shown that the Golgi apparatus is involved in a variety of synthetic activities, and probably no Golgi product is more elaborate than the scales produced by various kinds of phytoflagellates. The formation of calcified scales (coccoliths, Fig. 1,2) of the coccolithophorid phytoflagellates provides a particularly interesting model system for the study of biological mineralization, and the sequential formation of Golgi products.The coccoliths of Hymenomonas carterae consist of a scale-like base (Fig. 2 and 4, b) with a highly structured calcified (CaCO3) rim composed of two distinct elements which alternate about the base periphery (Fig. 1 and 3, A, B). Each element is enveloped by a sheath-like organic matrix (Fig. 3; Fig. 4, m).

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Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063652 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

Nalin J. Unakar

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Mouse Liver ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Close Approximation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

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Spermatogenesis in the Dragonfly with Particular Reference to the Cytoplasmic Organelles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093808 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 110-111

Author(s):

Sant S. Sekhon

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Mature Sperm ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Insect Sperm ◽

Large Round

Although there have been numerous studies concerning the morphogenetic changes accompanying the maturation of insect sperm, only a few deal with the sperm differentiation in the dragonflies. In two recent electron microscopic studies Kessel, has comprehensively treated the erlationship of microtubules to the nucleus and mid-piece structures during spermiogenesis in the dragonfly. The purpose of this study is to follow the sequential nuclear and cytoplasmic changes which accompany the differentiation of spermatogonium into a mature sperm during spermatogenesis in the dragonfly (Aeschna sp.).The dragonfly spermatogonia are characterized by large round nuclei. Loosely organized chromatin is usually unevenly distributed within the spermatogonial nuclei. The scant cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus contains mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, elements of endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes (Fig. 1).

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An Ultra-Structural Study of Human Melanoma in Vivo and Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091275 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

James R. Gaylor ◽

Fredda Schafer ◽

Robert E. Nordquist

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Protein Aggregation ◽

Structural Study ◽

Human Melanoma ◽

Protein Matrix ◽

Early Form ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein ◽

Mitochondrial Origin

Several theories on the origin of the melanosome exist. These include the Golgi origin theory, in which a tyrosinase-rich protein is "packaged" by the Golgi apparatus, thus forming the early form of the melanosome. A second theory postulates a mitochondrial origin of melanosomes. Its author contends that the melanosome is a modified mitochondria which acquires melanin during its development. A third theory states that a pre-melanosome is formed in the smooth or rough endoplasmic reticulum. Protein aggregation is suggested by one author as a possible source of the melanosome. This fourth theory postulates that the melanosome originates when the protein products of several genetic loci aggregate in the cytoplasm of the melanocyte. It is this protein matrix on which the melanin is deposited. It was with these theories in mind that this project was undertaken.

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Ultrastructural analysis of collagen formation in the developing primate amnion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158078 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 106-107

Author(s):

Barry F. King ◽

Grete N. Fry

Keyword(s):

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Collagen Fibril ◽

Fibril Formation ◽

Amniotic Cavity ◽

Cytological Evidence ◽

Mammalian Embryo ◽

Intracellular Location ◽

Collagen Formation ◽

Amniotic Epithelium ◽

Extraembryonic Mesoderm

The amnion surrounding the mammalian embryo consists of the amniotic epithelium facing the amniotic cavity, a layer of extraembryonic mesoderm bordering the exocoelom and an intervening layer of extracellular matrix (Fig. 1). During gestation the amnion expands remarkably to acommodate the rapidly growing embryo. In this study we have examined the process of collagen fibril formation in the developing amnion of the rhesus monkey between 20 and 60 days of gestation.Most cytological evidence of collagen fibril formation was observed in association with the extraembryonic mesodermal cells rather than the amniotic epithelium. The mesodermal cells h ad abundant cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Elongated secretory vacuoles were associated with the Golgi apparatus and often contained parallel aggregates of fine filaments (Fig. 2). In some secretory vacuoles, periodic densities also were observed. Some striated collagen fibrils were observed in an apparent intracellular location in long, membrane-limited compartments (Fig. 3). Still other striated fibrils were observed in dense bodies, presumably lysosomes (Fig. 4).

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Prediction of lymph node metastase in NSCLC

Onkologische Welt ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632899 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 01 (05) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Beyer ◽

B. Buerke ◽

J. Gerss ◽

K. Scheffe ◽

M. Puesken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Automatic Segmentation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Axial Diameter ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

SummaryPurpose: To distinguish between benign and malignant mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC by comparing 2D and semiautomated 3D measurements in FDG-PET-CT.Patients, material, methods: FDG-PET-CT was performed in 46 patients prior to therapy. 299 mediastinal lymph-nodes were evaluated independently by two radiologists, both manually and by semi-automatic segmentation software. Longest-axial-diameter (LAD), shortest-axial-diameter (SAD), maximal-3D-diameter, elongation and volume were obtained. FDG-PET-CT and clinical/FDG-PET-CT follow up examinations and/or histology served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis encompassed intra-class-correlation-coefficients and receiver-operator-characteristics-curves (ROC). Results: The standard of reference revealed involvement in 87 (29%) of 299 lymph nodes. Manually and semi-automatically measured 2D parameters (LAD and SAD) showed a good correlation with mean

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