A Novel Gesture-Based Control System for Fluorescence Volumetric Data in Virtual Reality

With the development of light microscopy, it is becoming increasingly easy to obtain detailed multicolor fluorescence volumetric data. The need for their appropriate visualization has become an integral part of fluorescence imaging. Virtual reality (VR) technology provides a new way of visualizing multidimensional image data or models so that the entire 3D structure can be intuitively observed, together with different object features or details on or within the object. With the need for imaging advanced volumetric data, demands for the control of virtual object properties are increasing; this happens especially for multicolor objects obtained by fluorescent microscopy. Existing solutions with universal VR controllers or software-based controllers with the need to define sufficient space for the user to manipulate data in VR are not usable in many practical applications. Therefore, we developed a custom gesture-based VR control system with a custom controller connected to the FluoRender visualization environment. A multitouch sensor disk was used for this purpose. Our control system may be a good choice for easier and more comfortable manipulation of virtual objects and their properties, especially using confocal microscopy, which is the most widely used technique for acquiring volumetric fluorescence data so far.

Three-Dimensional Segmentation and in silico Comparison of Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Pathology in Horses Undergoing Repeated MRI Examination

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to increased clinical and research applications using 3D segmentation and reconstructed volumetric data in musculoskeletal imaging. Lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are a common pathology in horses undergoing MRI. Three-dimensional MRI reconstruction performed for volumetric tendon analysis in horses has not previously been documented. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the 3D segmentation of horses undergoing repeated MRI at several time points and to perform an analysis of the segmented DDFTs across time. MRI DICOM files were acquired from six horses undergoing repeated MRI examination of the foot for DDFT injury. Once segmented, volumetric tendon surface tessellation language (STL) files were created. Thickness and volumetric data were acquired for each tendon in addition to a tendon comparison across timepoints within each horse. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for comparison of MRI reports to computer analysis. There was a significant and positive correlation between MRI and medial record reports of clinical improvement or deterioration and computer analysis (r = 0.56, p = 0.01). The lower end range limit for tendon thickness varied between 0.16 and 1.74 mm. The upper end range limit for DDFT thickness varied between 4.6 and 23.6 mm. During tendon part comparison, changes in DDFT were reported between −3.0 and + 14.3 mm. Changes in DDFT size were non-uniform and demonstrated fluctuations throughout the tendon. The study was successful in establishing the volumetric appearance and thickness of the DDFT as it courses in the foot and tracking this over time. We encountered difficulties in accurate segmentation of the distal insertion of the DDFT as it blends with the distal phalanx. The data demonstrated that the DDFT can be segmented and volumetric studies based on size and shape can be performed using an in silico approach.

Digital Fuel Measuring Techniques: A Review

There have been significant advancements in gasoline metering technology during the last few years. In any event, a key difficulty that all drivers encounter is the inability to obtain volumetric data for the remaining gasoline level, primarily while refuelling the car or driving at reserved fuel levels. As a result, customers find up paying for fuel they don't have. This paper gives an overview of several approaches involving numerous sensors that have been designed to generate a consistent indication of the amount of fuel available. In this study, capacitive, potentiometric, fibre optic, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and load cell sensors are explored. The aim of this study is to present a report on fuel monitoring strategies that rely on these six sensors. This investigation will aid other researchers working in this field in selecting a sensor for their project. Keywords: fuel measuring, capacitive, electromagnetic, potentiometric, fibre optic, ultrasonic, and load cell.

Distributed genetic architecture across the hippocampal formation implies common neuropathology across major brain disorders

Despite its major role in complex human behaviours across the lifespan, including memory formation and decline, navigation and emotions, much of the genetic architecture of the hippocampal formation is currently unexplored. Here, through multivariate genome-wide association analysis in volumetric data from 35,411 individuals, we revealed 173 unique genetic loci with distributed associations across the hippocampal formation. We identified profound genetic overlap with eight major developmental and degenerative brain disorders, where common genes suggest partly age- and disorder-independent mechanisms underlying hippocampal pathology.