Rapid Pathogen Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assessment from Urine Samples Via Amplification-Free Detection of Ribosomal RNA of Single-Bacteria

Objectives/Aim: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a serious public health problem and caused by many pathogens, most often by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Aim of this study was to show the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in hospital isolates, following the GLASS methodology.Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in the Laboratory for Urinary Infections OU Clinical Microbiology CCUS in the period from January till December 2018.A total of 13760 urine samples were processed, using standard laboratory methods, in which significant bacteriuria was detected in 3218 (23.4%) of specimens.Results: Out of the total number of positive samples, E. coli was isolated in 1166 (36.2%) and K. pneumoniae at 341 (10.6%) patients. The presence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates is dominant in females (1103/73.2%) and age group 60 and older (812/54.7%). Out of the total E. coli isolates, the ESBL strain was presented with 79 (6.8%) and K. pneumoniae with 145 (42.5%). The proportion of carbapenemase (CPE) produced by K. pneumoniae isolates was 8 (2.4%). The ESBL strain distribution analysis on clinics showed the highest prevalence of both isolates at the Clinic for Nephrology: K. pneumoniae 26/17,9%; E. coli: 12/15.4%. Isolated E. coli showed the highest resistance to ampicillin 673/1166 (57,7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 454/1166 (38.9%) and ciprofloxacin 253/970 (26.1%), while K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with 151/285 (53.0%) and 164/341 (48.1%), respectively.Conclusions: Our study has shown that the most common cause of urinary infections in hospital settings are E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Data analysis showed that the presence of ESBL isolates was significantly higher in K. pneumoniae than E. coli. CPE isolates of K. pneumoniae were also detected.

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Direct Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing on Clinical Urine Samples by Optical Tracking of Single Cell Division Events

Small ◽

10.1002/smll.202004148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (52) ◽

pp. 2004148

Author(s):

Fenni Zhang ◽

Jiapei Jiang ◽

Michelle McBride ◽

Yunze Yang ◽

Manni Mo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Single Cell ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

Optical Tracking ◽

Urine Samples

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Introduction to the SAVE study (2011–15): Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility: Assessment for Vaccine Efficacy in Canada after the introduction of PCV-13

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dky155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (suppl_7) ◽

pp. vii2-vii4

Author(s):

George G Zhanel ◽

Heather J Adam

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Vaccine Efficacy ◽

Susceptibility Assessment

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Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in male outpatients in Argentina

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.3766 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (06) ◽

pp. 699-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hugo E Villar ◽

Mónica B Jugo ◽

Alejandro Macan ◽

Matias Visser ◽

Mariana Hidalgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Male ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Knowledge of the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens is important for determining the best treatment option. This study aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from adult male outpatients. Methodology: Between November 2012 and April 2013, 3,105 community urine samples were analyzed from adult male patients who attended the Laboratorio Hidalgo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production using the double-disk synergy test. Results: Of the 3,105 urine samples analyzed, 791 (25.5%) had significant bacteriuria. The frequency of positive urine cultures increased significantly with patient age. Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently (47.3%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (13.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.9%). Gram-negative organisms represented 78.8% of urinary pathogens. The highest activities against Gram-negative bacteria were found with imipenem (99.0%), amikacin (98.1%), ertapenem (94.2%), fosfomycin (90.7%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (90.1%). The frequencies of ESBLs among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were 15.2 %, 22.3%, and 8%, respectively. Fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and nitrofurantoin were most effective against Gram-positive organisms. Conclusions: Fosfomycin may be an excellent option for cystitis treatment in patients without risk factors, whereas piperacillin-tazobactam is preferred for the treatment of parenchymatous UTIs, complicated UTIs, and UTIs associated with risk factors. To ensure the optimal selection of antibiotics, physicians should have access to up-to-date information about the local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canadian Isolates ofHelicobacter pyloriin Northeastern Ontario

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2015/853287 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nelson F Eng ◽

Gustavo Ybazeta ◽

Katrina Chapman ◽

Nya L Fraleigh ◽

Rebecca Letto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Test Methods ◽

Surveillance Programs ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

H Pylori ◽

23S Ribosomal Rna

BACKGROUND:Helicobacter pyloriplays a significant role in gastritis and ulcers. It is a carcinogen as defined by the WHO, and infection can result in adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In Canada, rates of antimicrobial resistance are relatively unknown, with very few studies conducted in the past 15 years.OBJECTIVE: To examine rates of resistance in Sudbury, Ontario, compare antimicrobial susceptibility methods and attempt to determine the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance.METHODS: Patients attending scheduled visits at Health Sciences North (Sudbury, Ontario) provided gastric biopsy samples on a volunteer basis. In total, 20H pyloriisolates were collected, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (on amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and clarithromycin) was conducted using disk diffusion and E-test methods. Subsequently, genomic DNA from these isolates was sequenced to detect mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance.RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the isolates were found to be resistant to at least one of the listed antibiotics according to E-test. Three isolates were found to be resistant to ≥3 of the above-mentioned antibiotics. Notably, 25% of the isolates were found to be resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin, two antibiotics that are normally prescribed as part of first-line regimens in the treatment ofH pyloriinfections in Canada and most of the world. Among the resistant strains, the sequences of 23S ribosomal RNA andgyrA, which are linked to clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin resistance, respectively, revealed the presence of known point mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance.CONCLUSIONS: In general, resistance to metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin and clarithromycin has increased since the studies in the early 2000s. These results suggest that surveillance programs ofH pyloriantibiotic resistance may need to be revisited or improved to prevent antimicrobial therapy failure.

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ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FOSFOMYCIN IN BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION : A STUDY FROM TERTIARY HEALTHCARE CENTER IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

10.36106/ijar/0301231 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-33

Author(s):

Daaman Thakur ◽

Aditya Rana ◽

Anuradha Sood ◽

Subhash Chand Jaryal ◽

Bhanu Kanwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Tertiary Healthcare ◽

Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common with an annual global incidence of at least 250 million cases; and Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen. Many antibiotics once used to treat UTI are now ineffective due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Fosfomycin, discovered in late 1960s, has rekindled clinical interests because of reported susceptibilities of current pathogens to the agent. This study was done with the objective to determine in vitro fosfomycin susceptibility of common uropathogens and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these organisms. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology for a duration of 2 years from October 2019 to September 2021. Urine samples were received and culture was done on MacConkey agar and AST was performed on signicant bacteriuria ≥105 CFU /ml with fosfomycin as per CLSI guidelines. Total of 9442 urine samples were collected duri RESULT: ng the duration of 2 years. Out of these 1657(17.5%) showed signicant growth. Male to female ratio was 1:1.9 in our study. Majority of the bacteria isolated were uropathogenic E.coli 960(57.9%) followed by Klebsiella spp 185(11.1%). Susceptibility to fosfomycin was seen majorly in all enterobacterales with 96.7% sensitivity to E.coli and 100% sensitivity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. In CONCLUSION: conclusion, our study indicates that fosfomycin is active in vitro against a considerable percentage of urinary isolates, which simultaneously exhibit high rates of antimicrobial drug resistance to the conventionally used antimicrobial agents.

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In VitroAntimicrobial Resistance of Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates among U.S. Outpatients from 2000 to 2010

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.06060-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 2181-2183 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Guillermo V. Sanchez ◽

Ronald N. Master ◽

James A. Karlowsky ◽

Jose M. Bordon

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Minimal Change ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Data

ABSTRACTThis study examinesin vitroantimicrobial resistance data fromEscherichia coliisolates obtained from urine samples of U.S. outpatients between 2000 and 2010 using The Surveillance Network (TSN). Antimicrobial susceptibility results (n= 12,253,679) showed the greatest increases inE. coliresistance from 2000 to 2010 for ciprofloxacin (3% to 17.1%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (17.9% to 24.2%), whereas nitrofurantoin (0.8% to 1.6%) and ceftriaxone (0.2% to 2.3%) showed minimal change. From 2000 to 2010, the antimicrobial resistance of urinaryE. coliisolates to ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX among outpatients increased substantially.

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