Backhaul Aware User-Specific Cell Association Using Q-Learning

The kidney is believed to play a major role in the clearance of apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles from the bloodstream. Proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidney appear to prevent the loss of these proteins in the urine by re-absorbing them from the urinary filtrate. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the factors that regulate the renal re-absorption of apoA-I and small HDL in a transformed human proximal tubule epithelial (HKC-8) cell line. Fluorescent microscopic studies show that HKC-8 cells can readily bind and take up HDL particles. Intracellular localization of fluorescently labelled native HDL shows its accumulation in endocytotic vesicles, in a perinuclear region after 1 h. Binding studies reveal a saturable cell association of 125I-HDL with the HKC-8 cell surface after 2 h. HKC-8 cells do not degrade apoA-I or other HDL-apoproteins. The specific cell association of lipid-free apoA-I is approx. 2-fold less than that observed for native HDL. Similarly, reconstituted HDL prepared from HDL-apoproteins and pure phospholipids also exhibits a low cell association with the HKC-8 cells. In contrast, reconstituted HDL prepared with the extracted lipids of HDL and pure apoA-I exhibits an even higher cell association than that observed with the native lipoprotein. A detailed characterization of the major lipid classes in reconstituted HDL shows that only cholesteryl ester increases the cell association of the recombinant particles. These results show that the cholesteryl ester content of HDL may play an important role in the re-absorptive salvage of HDL by the proximal tubule cells of the kidney.

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Fuzzy Q-learning-based user-centric backhaul-aware user cell association scheme

2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) ◽

10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986564 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farrukh Pervez ◽

Mona Jaber ◽

Junaid Qadir ◽

Shahzad Younis ◽

Muhammad Ali Imran

Keyword(s):

Association Scheme ◽

Q Learning ◽

Cell Association ◽

User Centric

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Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Protein as an Independent Predictor of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Subjects with Hyperalphalipoproteinemia

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-1223 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 1451-1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Michael West ◽

Erin Greason ◽

Antonina Kolmakova ◽

Anisa Jahangiri ◽

Bela Asztalos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Scavenger Receptor ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Type I ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Scavenger Receptor Class ◽

Cell Association ◽

Class B

Abstract Context: In mice, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) receptor protein deficiency is associated with elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Objective: Our objective was to determine the relationship between SR-BI protein and HDL-C levels in humans. Design: This was a prospective study of adults with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Fasting blood was obtained for lipid and lipoprotein measurement, genomic DNA, and monocyte-derived macrophages. SR-BI protein levels were measured by Western blots, and SR-BI activity was measured by cholesteryl ester (CE) uptake of each donor’s radiolabeled HDL with their monocyte-derived macrophages, or by degradation and specific cell association of dual-labeled HDL in vitro. Setting: The study was performed in a tertiary university teaching hospital. Results: The mean age was 57.2 ± 10.9 yr (n = 65). SR-BI protein levels were inversely associated with HDL-C levels (P < 0.002), HDL particle size (P < 0.05), and positively associated with CE uptake (P < 0.004); there was no association with plasma apolipoprotein levels. SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.01) were independent predictors of HDL-C levels. Subjects who were carriers of the A allele for the rs4238001 (glycine to serine at position 2) polymorphism [single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] had lower SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.01), whereas carriers of the C allele for the rs2278986 SNP also had lower SR-BI protein levels (P = 0.02). Body mass index (P = 0.05), rs4238001 (P = 0.01), and rs2278986 (P = 0.01) SNPs were independent predictors of SR-BI protein levels. In vitro studies of murine macrophages stably expressing the glycine to serine at position 2 SNP showed less degradation (P < 0.0004) and specific cell association (P < 0.0004) of [125I, 3H]-CE-labeled HDL. Conclusions: SR-BI protein has an independent effect on HDL-C levels in women with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Two SNPs were significantly associated with lower SR-BI protein levels.

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Decision letter for "Monosynaptic Inputs To Specific Cell Types Of The Intermediate And Deep Layers Of The Superior Colliculus"

10.1002/cne.24888/v1/decision1 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Superior Colliculus ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Deep Layers

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Fine Structure of Cytochalasin Induced Polyploid Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100354 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 122-123

Author(s):

Awtar Krishan ◽

Nestor Bohonos

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Cytochalasin B ◽

Present Report ◽

Cell Monolayer ◽

Polyploid Cell ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Nuclear Surface ◽

Unsuccessful Attempt ◽

Daughter Cells ◽

Polyploid Cells

Cytochalasin B, a mould metabolite from Helminthosporium dermatioideum has been shown to interfere with specific cell activities such as cytoplasmic cleavage and cell movement. Cells undergoing nuclear division in the presence of cytochalasin B are unable to complete the separation of the resulting daughter cells. In time-lapse studies, the daughter cells coalesce after an initial unsuccessful attempt at separation and form large multinucleate polyploid cells. The present report describes the fine structure of the large polyploid cells induced in Earle's L-cell monolayer cultures by exposure to cytochalasin B (lγ/ml) for 92 hours.In the present material we have seen as many as 7 nuclei in these polyploid cells. Treatment with cytochalasin B for longer periods of time (6 to 7 days, with one medium change on the 3rd day) did not increase the number of nuclei beyond the 7 nuclei stage. Figure 1 shows a large polyploid cell with four nuclei. These nuclei are indistinguishable in their fine structure from those of the cells from control cultures but often show unusually large numbers of cytoplasmic invaginations and extensions of the nuclear surface (Figure 2).

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Correlative transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on pituitary cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157632 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

S. Tai

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Depth Of Field ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Pituitary Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Structure And Activity ◽

Intracellular Structure

Extensive cytological and histological research, correlated with physiological experimental analysis, have been done on the anterior pituitaries of many different vertebrates which have provided the knowledge to create the concept that specific cell types synthesize, store and release their specific hormones. These hormones are stored in or associated with granules. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts - that need further studies, specially on the ultrastructure and physiology of these endocrine cells during the process of synthesis, transport and secretion, whereas some new methods may provide the information about the intracellular structure and activity in detail.In the present work, ultrastructural study of the hormone-secretory cells of chicken pituitaries have been done by using TEM as well as HR-SEM, to correlate the informations obtained from 2-dimensional TEM micrography with the 3-dimensional SEM topographic images, which have a continous surface with larger depth of field that - offers the adventage to interpretate some intracellular structures which were not possible to see using TEM.

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Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 645-675

Author(s):

Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽

Mathangi Palanivel ◽

Ajay Kumar ◽

Domokos Máthé ◽

George K. Radda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Surface Receptors ◽

Theranostic Agents ◽

Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

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