Cost-Benefit Analysis of Virtualizing Batch Systems: Performance-Energy-Dependability Trade-Offs

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Cinque ◽  
Domenico Cotroneo ◽  
Flavio Frattini ◽  
Stefano Russo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
Trade Offs

Cost–benefit and water resources policy: a survey

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Policy Cost ◽  
The Right

This paper reviews recent developments in cost–benefit analysis for water policy researchers who wish to understand the applications of economic principles to inform emerging water policy debates. The cost–benefit framework can provide a comparison of total economic gains and losses resulting from a proposed water policy. Cost–benefit analysis can provide decision-makers with a comparison of the impacts of two or more water policy options using methods that are grounded in time-tested economic principles. Economic efficiency, measured as the difference between added benefits and added costs, can inform water managers and the public of the economic impacts of water programs to address peace, development, health, the environment, climate and poverty. Faced by limited resources, cost–benefit analysis can inform policy choices by summarizing trade-offs involved in designing, applying, or reviewing a wide range of water programs. The data required to conduct a cost–benefit analysis are often poor but the steps needed to carry out that analysis require posing the right questions.

scholarly journals Warum Nachhaltigkeitsbeurteilungen Alternativen zu Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen erfordern

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (11) ◽  
pp. 412-420
Author(s):  
Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn ◽  
Urs Allenspach ◽  
Georg Brun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sustainability Assessments ◽  
Critical Limits

Why alternatives to cost-benefit analysis in sustainability assessments are necessary Policies for sustainable forest management aim at maintaining forest ecosystems for sustainable development. Sustainable development as a societal mission comprises a diversity of factors that are neither hierarchically ordered nor freely compensable. Policies must therefore be assessed by a multidimensional criterion. Cost-benefit analysis provides a clear recommendation for a rational choice of policy. However, from a sustainability perspective, cost-benefit analysis has disadvantages, due to its methodological basis. Monetization and aggregation of preferences leave the reasons for measured preferences intransparent; trade-offs can occur arbitrarily; and it is not registered, whether and how critical limits of life support systems are affected. Avoiding these problems calls for assessment methods without aggregation or synthesising across heterogeneous standards. Dynamic decision theory provides ideas on how rational decisions can be taken based on a plurality of standards. The crucial ideas are prevention, precommitment, and a memory of past decisions. These can already be found in practice.

Same-sex marriage: the irrelevance of the economic approach to law

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Mark D. White
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Analysis Of Law ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractSeveral noted legal scholars, most prominently Richard Posner, have applied the economic analysis of law to the debate over same-sex marriage. In this note, I argue that the economic approach to law is ill-equipped to deal with the issues of principle, dignity and rights that are at the core of the debate, regardless of the position taken on the issue. Other scholars, such as Darren Bush, acknowledge the shortcomings of the economic approach, such as the importance of the assumptions on which cost-benefit analysis is made, but they do not appreciate that this is symptomatic of the economic approach as a whole, not merely the application of it by some scholars in some cases. My contention is that the economic approach to law is appropriate regarding issues of policy, where trade-offs are essential and necessary, but not regarding issues of principle, with which trade-offs are not so easily made.

Cost-benefit analysis of alternatives to mitigate the air quality and health impacts from agricultural residue burning in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyu Lan ◽  
Sebastian Eastham ◽  
Leslie Norford ◽  
Steven Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Analysis Of Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

<p>Poor air quality in India affects the health of millions living in one of the most populated regions in the world. Agricultural residue burning as a common way to remove crop waste and make fields for the next planting season contributes to this problem and, despite attempts to reduce agricultural fires, remains a recurring issue due to a lack of viable alternatives. As India population grows, more food production will be needed, with yet more crop residue to burn. Sustainable and economically feasible interventions are therefore needed to mitigate the impact of agricultural residue burning. To support policy-making, an adjoint modeling approach has been applied to estimate how air quality and health impacts respond to changes in specific time and location of burning, and how effective potential mitigation options might be in reducing them.</p><p>This work extends based upon these initial findings and seeks to provide a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives to agricultural residue burning using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model. With a multi-year assessment that accounts for the impact of inter-annual variability of meteorology, the public cost presented in terms of the monetary valuation of air quality damages resulting from population exposure and health impacts due to emissions of agricultural burning,<span>  </span>and the private returns presented in terms of the individual profit from crop cultivation for farmers in India, are quantified in order to better understand the potential trade-offs between air quality improvement and economic benefit.</p><p>The end results focusing on northwestern India during the post-monsoon rice residue burning season, where the majority of agricultural fires in India come from, show that appropriate measures, including crop diversification, agricultural mechanization and shifting the time of burning, may help avoid air quality damages from agricultural residue burning without risking the income of farmers. Proper incentive mechanisms such as subsidies for investment cost and compensation for human effort may further facilitate the best possible outcomes. These findings help inform better decision-making to mitigate the impacts of agricultural fires and reduce the uncertainties regarding sustainable agricultural practices not just for India but also for regions and countries facing similar issues.</p>

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Information Acquisition in Transportation Planning

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Khan
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Statistical Decision Theory ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
System Changes ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents an analytical methodology, based on the principles of statistical decision theory, for the cost-benefit analysis of information acquisition in transportation planning. Application of this methodology provides guidelines for determining the optimal level of resources to be invested in the collection of information used for planning transport system changes. The rationale of investing resources in transport facilities and the philosophy of evaluating such investments are discussed. The context of the economics of acquiring information to support such analyses is pointed out. Application of the methodology developed to a realistic problem is described. The results of trade-offs between the reduction in social costs of transportation— the benefit, and the cost of information acquisition— the cost, are discussed. Thus, the role of a formal cost-benefit analysis of information acquisition in planning for transport system changes is pointed out.

scholarly journals Valuing Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Jensen ◽  
Christopher Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Costbenefit Analysis

Policymaking involves trade-offs to ensure the best possible use of limited resources. Identifying and measuring the impacts – for example, health gains – of different policy alternatives helps decision makers with these trade-offs, and is a key component of policy analysis. The New Zealand Treasury’s approach to cost-benefit analysis includes CBAx, which is a toolkit for estimating the societal value of alternative policy options. A 2018 review showed increased quality of costbenefit analysis in budget proposals following the introduction of CBAx. In this article, we provide some context to CBAx developments and share insights from agencies’ practical experiences. We focus on the perspective of policy advisors using CBAx to undertake cost-benefit analysis, and touch on the application of the results to decision making. We conclude by outlining potential developments and inviting colleagues to make use of the CBAx toolkit to enhance cost-benefit analysis practices to better value policy impacts for New Zealanders.

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