County Lines ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 61-100
Author(s):  
Simon Harding

This chapter assesses the question of who joins a county line. Where do they come from? Why do they join? The chapter considers the concept of the Pool of Availability. The Pool of Availability comprises young people who have grown up in marginalised, vulnerable communities, and through a combination of habitus, social field, and social environment are now readily available and even conditioned to step into the street gang. Where street gangs become the logical answer to the prevailing conditions, the youth who affiliate to gangs do so as ‘rational agents’ joining ‘rational organisations’. The chapter offers case study insights from respondents articulating their lived experience of involvement and life inside a county line. It explores options for entry and types of role alongside the prerequisites for joining a county line crew, managing a line, and the logistics of getting staff to customers.


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Sedighi

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of word co-occurrence analysis method in mapping of the scientific fields with emphasis on the field of Informetrics. Design/methodology/approach – This is an applied study using scientometrics, co-word analysis and network analysis and its steps are summarised as follows: collecting the data related to the Informetrics field indexed in Web of Science (WOS) database, refining and standardising the keywords of the extracted articles from WOS and preparing a selected list of these keywords, drawing the word co-occurrence map in the Informetrics field and analysing of results. Findings – Based on the resulted maps the concepts such as information science, library, bibliometric analysis, innovation and text mining are the most widely used topics in the field of Informetrics. The co-word occurrence maps drawn at different periods show the changes and stabilities in the concepts related to the field of Informetrics. A number of topics such as “bibliometric analysis” are present in all years, whereas others such as “innovation” have disappeared. New topics emerge as a recombination of existing topics and in interaction with new (technological) developments. Originality/value – The results of these analytical studies can be used as a guide for determining research priorities in the scientific fields, and also for planning and management in academic institutions.


Author(s):  
Nauja Kleist
Keyword(s):  

How do migrants negotiate gender and political positions in a transnational social field? What happens when migrants move between different locations? This paper examines these questions through a case study of a Somali woman and her life in Denmark and Somaliland.


Author(s):  
Brenda Bartelink ◽  
Erik Meinema

This chapter analyses how contested understandings of sexuality and sex education for young people are put into practice in the transnational social field of development. It does so by focusing on the Educaids network, a transnational network of Dutch and East African faith-based organisations (FBOs) focused on the prevention of AIDS through education. This case study shows that the contestations over sexuality, and the strategies employed to overcome these contestations, are based on conflicting power claims as well as shared concerns. It is argued that a narrow focus on the colliding liberal and conservative views on sexuality in the field of development fails to contribute to a better understanding of the complex nature of transnational linkages between FBOs, in particular when it concerns sexuality and the prevention of AIDS.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-140
Author(s):  
Marius Lazăr

Abstract In this article, I analyse the transformations of the Romanian post-communist intellectual elites, using as a case study the disputes in the cultural press in Romania from 2002 to 2004, disagreements that influenced the repositioning of the Romanian public intellectuals through ideological alignments. Those debates gave birth afterwards to a cohesive Conservative pole and to anti-conservative tendencies of diverse political orientations, which constitutes the origin of the current divisions of the intellectual space. The analysis combines the Bourdieusian perspective on the social field and the theory of social networks with the purpose to formulate a hypothesis concerning the competitions meant to produce and preserve the prestige of the status groups in the social space that generate conflicting ideological positions. It outlines an alternative form of reassessing the “reputation economy” outside the space of the commodity exchange economy, starting instead with symbolic exchanges. The study describes the social rationale behind status production, as a source of strategies for maintaining dominant positions in a social field.


2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munan Li ◽  
Yanqun Chu

Discovering the research front of a specific topic remains a significant challenge for researchers in all scientific areas. Over the last decade, burst term detection (BTD) in text streams has become a useful technique for bibliometrics and science mapping. It has been argued that analytical methods based on BTD can indicate certain facets of a research front. To integrate BTD into the framework of traditional co-word analysis, association rule mining between keywords and burst terms (ARM-KB) is introduced to enhance traditional co-word analysis and present a new facet of the research front for a field of science. Based on ARM-KB, possible connections between keywords and burst terms are built, which can facilitate the exploration of a research front from a three-dimensional perspective, through co-word analysis, burst term clues, and association rules. In the case study, the research fronts of anticancer based on nanomedicine (ABN) are explored. Based on theoretical and empirical analyses, ARM-KB can be used as a valuable new technique or a supplement to traditional bibliometrics in the exploration of scientific frontiers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanderien Verstappen

A rich body of historical and anthropological scholarship has critically interrogated the making and remaking of ‘Gujarat’, exploring not only the political and social contestations around the formation of Gujarat as regional territory but also the articulation of distinct regional identities in various parts of the region and by various ‘minority’ communities. This article contributes to these discussions through a case study of a transnational community of Gujarati Muslims, Sunni Vohras from Charotar in central Gujarat, drawing on travel-along ethnographic research with a migrant visiting his ‘homeland’. The tensions brought about by the unfolding politics of Hindu nationalism in post-2002 Gujarat have influenced how mobile members of this group reproduce social relations in a transnational social field and cultivate social and material ties to the region. Conceptualizing the region as constituted by various kinds of mobilities, and paying special attention to social relations and social–economic practices, the article demonstrates how a regional homeland can be uncovered through ‘travel-along’ ethnographic research.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Beatrice Jauregui

What labor rights do police workers have? How are they legally delimited? This article addresses these questions through a case study of government responses to attempts by police constables in post/colonial South Asia to express job-related grievances and establish employee unions. Drawing on ethnographic observations, interviews, and archival documents collected in India over fifteen years, the analysis demonstrates that, for more than a century, class warfare within police organizations has manifested in counter-insurgency “lawfare” between senior officials and subordinate personnel regarding whether and how the latter may collectively organize to transform their living and working conditions. It further shows how in this context law as a social field has worked to subjectify rank-and-file police as an ironically exploitable and expendable class of laborers who are always already suspect of rebelling against the state that they have sworn to serve. Through revelations of a long history of structural servitude compelling subaltern police in South Asia to do questionably legal types of labor, this study raises challenging questions about how police work has been conceived and practiced globally as “security labor” and how, moving forward, we must work to reimagine what police work is, what it can be, and what it ought to be.


Author(s):  
Andrew Shepherd

Prisons represent sites of psychological distress and suffering. In this article, the implications of this, and the need for the maintenance of a psychosocial perspective, are explored. A psychogeographic overview of the prison environment is provided to consider the way it is constituted at different levels: the macro-social, meso-social and micro-social levels. Two vignettes are presented, which illustrate the process of loss and emergent self-destruction accompanying an enforced identity change followed by the radical means of stabilisation that may be adopted in opposition to this process. The essential nature of personal narrative construction – this process of sense making – is considered alongside the forcing impact of the social environment, as well as wider social pressures, and their impact on the dynamic process. In closing, a limitation of the employed methodology – focusing on individual experience – is remarked on: if these psychological processes take place through an act of modulation in response to a social field, how does the social field in turn respond to these modulations? In closing, I argue that through maintaining a psychosocial focus, researchers and clinicians discharge an ethical duty to maintain the attention of society on the suffering of some of its most vulnerable members.


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