scholarly journals Solid Diet Manipulates Rumen Epithelial Microbiota and Its Interactions with Host Transcriptomic in Young Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
Xiaokang Lv ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Hunter Usdrowski ◽  
Yimin Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Diet

scholarly journals Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Jackeline Thais Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Intakes

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves’ performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope T. Jackson ◽  
Timothy D. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in the pediatric population. Most cases represent physiologic GER and as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) matures and a solid diet is introduced, many of these patients (>65%) experience spontaneous resolution of symptoms by two years of age. Those who continue to have symptoms and develop complications such as failure to thrive, secondary respiratory disease, and others are classified as having gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Goals of GERD treatment include the resolution of symptoms and prevention of complications. Treatment options to achieve these goals include dietary or behavioral modifications, pharmacologic intervention, and surgical therapy. This paper will review the clinical presentation of GERD and discuss options for surgical management and outcomes in these patients.

1074 Gallstone Ileus: Two Decades After Cholecystectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Matwala ◽  
M R Iqbal ◽  
T Shakir ◽  
D W Chicken
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gallstone Ileus ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ileocaecal Junction ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Introduction Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of gallstones that occurs in 1%-4% of all cases of bowel obstruction. We present a surprising case of gallstone ileus causing small bowel obstruction 19 years after open cholecystectomy. Case Report A 77-year-old male presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain, 4 episodes of vomiting and absolute constipation. He had a surgical background of an open cholecystectomy and open appendicectomy 19 years and 45 years ago respectively. Medically, he had well-controlled hypertension and experienced a TIA 5 years prior. Computed Tomography Scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed features consistent with an obstructing, heterogenous opacity in the distal small bowel without pneumobilia. The patient subsequently underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Intraoperatively, an obstructing gallstone, measuring 4 cm, was found 50cm proximal to the ileocaecal junction, with dilatation of the proximal small bowel and distal collapse. Enterotomy and removal of the stone was done. Post-operatively, this gentleman recovered without complications and was discharged home two days later after being able to tolerate a solid diet. Conclusions This is the second reported case of gallstone ileus in a patient with previous cholecystectomy about two decades ago, according to our literature search. Although extremely rare, absence of the gallbladder does not exclude the possibility of gallstone ileus.

Increased renal α-ENaC and NCC abundance and elevated blood pressure are independent of hyperaldosteronism in vasopressin escape

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. F49-F57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swasti Tiwari ◽  
Randall K. Packer ◽  
Xinqun Hu ◽  
Yoshihisa Sugimura ◽  
Joseph G. Verbalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Epithelial Sodium Channel Enac

Previously, we demonstrated that rats undergoing vasopressin escape had increased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma and urine aldosterone, and increased renal protein abundance of the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC), and the 70-kDa band of γ-ENaC (Song J, Hu X, Khan O, Tian Y, Verbalis JG, and Ecelbarger CA. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287: F1076–F1083, 2004; Ecelbarger CA, Knepper MA, and Verbalis JG. J Am Soc Nephrol 12: 207–217, 2001). Here, we determine whether changes in these renal proteins and MAP require elevated aldosterone levels. We performed adrenalectomies (ADX) or sham surgeries on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Corticosterone and aldosterone were replaced to clamp these hormone levels. MAP was monitored by radiotelemetry. Rats were infused with 1-deamino-[8-d-arginine]-vasopressin (dDAVP) via osmotic minipumps (5 ng/h). At day 3 of dDAVP infusion, seven rats in each group were offered a liquid diet [water load (WL)] or continued on a solid diet (SD). Plasma aldosterone and corticosterone and urine aldosterone were increased by WL in sham rats. ADX-WL rats escaped, as assessed by early natriuresis followed by diuresis; however, urine volume and natriuresis were somewhat blunted. WL did not reduce the abundance or activity of 11-β-hydroxsteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Furthermore, the previously observed increase in renal aldosterone-sensitive proteins and escape-associated increased MAP persisted in clamped rats. The densitometry of immunoblots for NCC, α- and γ-70 kDa ENaC, respectively, were (% sham-SD): sham-WL, 159, 278, 233; ADX-SD, 69, 212, 171; ADX-WL, 116, 302, 161. However, clamping corticosteroids blunted the rise at least for NCC and γ-ENaC (70 kDa). Overall, the increase in aldosterone observed in vasopressin escape is not necessary for the increased expression of NCC, α- or γ-ENaC or increased MAP associated with “escape.”

scholarly journals Excessive gastric retention by vagotomized rats and rabbits given a solid diet

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Martin ◽  
Richard C. Rogers ◽  
Donald Novin ◽  
Dennis A. Vander Weele
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Solid Diet

INHERITANCE OF WEIGHTS OF LAMBS REARED ARTIFICIALLY OR WITH THEIR DAMS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS ◽  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Age Estimates

This study involved 250 lambs reared artificially with milk replacer and solid diet from 2 to 70 days and 316 lambs creep-fed solid diet and reared with their dams from birth to 70 days. Thereafter, all lambs were retained on solid diet to 140 days of age. Heritability estimates for weights of lambs reared artificially tended to be larger than the corresponding estimates for lambs reared with their dams (P > 0.05). Phenotypic variances of lambs reared with their dams were larger at birth and at 35 days, whereas lambs reared artificially had larger phenotypic variances at 70 and 140 days of age. Estimates of genetic correlation between half-sib family means of lambs reared artificially with corresponding half-sibs reared with their dams ranged from 0.15 to 0.91, suggesting the absence of sire × rearing system interaction. We conclude that greater genetic response to selection for lamb weights at various ages could be achieved from direct selection among lambs reared artificially compared to those reared with their dams. However, in the absence of artificial rearing, prospective breeding stock reared with their dams should be tested for postweaning performance to permit full expression of transmitted sire differences. Key words: Sheep, lamb rearing, heritability estimates, genetic correlation

scholarly journals The Signature Microbiota Drive Rumen Function Shifts in Goat Kids Introduced to Solid Diet Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Lv ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Wenqin Huang ◽  
Yimin Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Rumen Development

The feeding regime of early, supplementary solid diet improved rumen development and production in goat kids. However, the signature microbiota responsible for linking dietary regimes to rumen function shifts are still unclear. This work analyzed the rumen microbiome and functions affected by an early solid diet regime using a combination of machine learning algorithms. Volatile fatty acids (i.e., acetate, propionate and butyrate) fermented by microbes were found to increase significantly in the supplementary solid diet groups. Predominant genera were found to alter significantly from unclassified Sphingobacteriaceae (non-supplementary group) to Prevotella (supplementary solid diet groups). Random Forest classification model revealed signature microbiota for solid diet that positively correlated with macronutrient intake, and linearly increased with volatile fatty acid production. Bacteria associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolism were also identified. Utilization of a Fish Taco analysis portrayed a set of intersecting core species contributed to rumen function shifts by the solid diet regime. The core community structures consisted of the specific, signature microbiota and the manipulation of their symbiotic partners are manipulated by extra nutrients from concentrate and/or forage, and then produce more volatile fatty acids to promote rumen development and functions eventually host development. Our study provides mechanisms of the microbiome governed by a solid diet regime early in life, and highlights the signature microbiota involved in animal health and production.

Inhibition of activity-induced parotid growth by submandibular gland ablation or autonomic denervation

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. G723-G727 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Schneyer ◽  
M. G. Humphreys-Beher ◽  
H. D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Autonomic Denervation ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Rat Parotid

When solid chow was reintroduced for 2 days to rats previously maintained on an all-liquid diet, [3H]thymidine incorporation into rat parotid gland was 2.4-4.4 times that of chow-fed or liquid-fed animals. When the submandibular-sublingual glands were removed before the change in diet from liquid to solid food, values for [3H]thymidine incorporation of parotid gland were not statistically different from those of chow-fed rats: the increase was completely prevented. The increase in gland size that accompanied the change in dietary consistency was not prevented by prior submandibular gland ablation; [3H]uridine incorporation was also not different from that of chow controls. The removal of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the parotid gland before the dietary manipulation also suppressed [3H]thymidine incorporation into parotid, and values did not differ from chow controls. Moreover, the return to normal gland size (chow level) also was prevented by autonomic denervation. The data show an important role of the submandibular gland in regulation of the thymidine increase associated with the enhanced parotid activity that accompanies the change from liquid to solid diet. However, the submandibular gland does not have an important role in regulation of the increase in gland size that also accompanies the dietary change, whereas the autonomic nerves have an important role in regulation of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parotid gland.

Development of neurotransmitter enzyme activity in the rat gastrointestinal tract

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. G58-G64
Author(s):  
M. M. Heitkemper ◽  
S. F. Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Neurotransmitter Enzymes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine play important roles in determining gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility and secretion. At this time, however, little is known concerning the postnatal developmental patterns of the enzymes that synthesize and degrade these two neurotransmitters within the GI tract. The present study examined the developmental activities, expressed per gram protein per minute, of the cholinergic enzymes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and the adrenergic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in male rats between days 1 and 50. Seven anatomic segments of the GI tract were assayed for enzyme activities. In general, all four neurotransmitter enzymes were present throughout the length of the GI tract and increased during the early postnatal period. The synthesizing enzymes ChAT and TH displayed peak activity prior to day 21, while the degrading enzymes AChE and MAO continued to increase past day 21. Each enzyme exhibited segmental differences and unique postnatal developmental patterns. Such differences in enzyme activities may be related to developmental increases in neuronal density, hormonal factors, or direct stimulation of the GI tract by liquid and/or solid diet.

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