scholarly journals The Signature Microbiota Drive Rumen Function Shifts in Goat Kids Introduced to Solid Diet Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Lv ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Wenqin Huang ◽  
Yimin Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Rumen Development

The feeding regime of early, supplementary solid diet improved rumen development and production in goat kids. However, the signature microbiota responsible for linking dietary regimes to rumen function shifts are still unclear. This work analyzed the rumen microbiome and functions affected by an early solid diet regime using a combination of machine learning algorithms. Volatile fatty acids (i.e., acetate, propionate and butyrate) fermented by microbes were found to increase significantly in the supplementary solid diet groups. Predominant genera were found to alter significantly from unclassified Sphingobacteriaceae (non-supplementary group) to Prevotella (supplementary solid diet groups). Random Forest classification model revealed signature microbiota for solid diet that positively correlated with macronutrient intake, and linearly increased with volatile fatty acid production. Bacteria associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolism were also identified. Utilization of a Fish Taco analysis portrayed a set of intersecting core species contributed to rumen function shifts by the solid diet regime. The core community structures consisted of the specific, signature microbiota and the manipulation of their symbiotic partners are manipulated by extra nutrients from concentrate and/or forage, and then produce more volatile fatty acids to promote rumen development and functions eventually host development. Our study provides mechanisms of the microbiome governed by a solid diet regime early in life, and highlights the signature microbiota involved in animal health and production.

scholarly journals The Signature Microbiota Driving Rumen Function Shifts in Goat Kids Introduced Solid Diet Regimes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Lv ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
Qiyu Diao ◽  
Wenqin Huang ◽  
Yimin Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Rumen Development

AbstractThe feeding regime of early supplementary solid diet improved rumen development and ruminant production. However, the signature microbiota linking dietary regimes to rumen function shifts and hosts are still unclear. We analyzed the rumen microbiome and functions affected by supplementation of solid diet using a combination of machine learning algorithms. The volatile fatty acids (i.e., acetate, propionate and butyrate) fermented by microbes increased significantly in the supplementary solid diet groups. The predominant genera altered significantly from unclassified Sphingobacteriaceae (non-supplementary group) to Prevotella (supplementary solid diet groups) RandomForest classification model revealed signature microbiota for solid diet that positively correlated with macronutrient intake, and linearly increased with volatile fatty acids production. The nutrient specific bacteria for carbohydrate and protein were also identified. According to FishTaco analysis, a set of intersecting core species contributed with rumen function shifts by solid diet. The core community structures consisted of specific signature microbiota and their symbiotic partners are manipulated by extra nutrients from concentrate and/or forage, and then produce more volatile fatty acids to promote rumen development and functions eventually host development. Our study provides mechanism of microbiome governing by solid diet and highlights the signatures microbiota for animal health and production.ImportanceSmall ruminants are essential protein sources for human, so keeping them health and increasing their production are important. The microbial communities resided in rumen play key roles to convert fiber resources to human food. Moreover, rumen physiology experience huge changes after birth, and understanding its microbiome roles could provide insights for other species. Recently, our studies and others have shown that diet changed rumen microbial composition and goat performance. In this study, we identified core community structures that were affected by diet and associated to the rumen development and goat production. This outcome could potentially allow us to select specific microbiome to improve rumen physiology and functions, maintain host health and benefit animal production. Therefore, it gives a significant clue that core microbiome manipulation by feeding strategies can increase animal products. To our knowledge, we firstly used FishTaco for determination of link between signatures abundances and rumen function shifts.

scholarly journals Fully Automated Detection of Paramagnetic Rims in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on 3T Susceptibility-Based MR Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Lou ◽  
Pascal Sati ◽  
Martina Absinta ◽  
Kelly Clark ◽  
Jordan D. Dworkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
List Type ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Forest Classification

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe presence of a paramagnetic rim around a white matter lesion has recently been shown to be a hallmark of a particular pathological type of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion. Increased prevalence of these paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) is associated with a more severe disease course in MS. The identification of these lesions is time-consuming to perform manually. We present a method to automatically detect PRLs on 3T T2*-phase images.MethodsT1-weighted, T2-FLAIR, and T2*-phase MRI of the brain were collected at 3T for 19 subjects with MS. The images were then processed with lesion segmentation, lesion center detection, lesion labelling, and lesion-level radiomic feature extraction. A total of 877 lesions were identified, 118 (13%) of which contained a paramagnetic rim. We divided our data into a training set (15 patients, 673 lesions) and a testing set (4 patients, 204 lesions). We fit a random forest classification model on the training set and assessed our ability to classify lesions as PRL on the test set.ResultsThe number of PRLs per subject identified via our automated lesion labelling method was highly correlated with the gold standard count of PRLs per subject, r = 0.91 (95% CI [0.79, 0.97]). The classification algorithm using radiomic features can classify a lesion as PRL or not with an area under the curve of 0.80 (95% CI [0.67, 0.86]).ConclusionThis study develops a fully automated technique for the detection of paramagnetic rim lesions using standard T1 and FLAIR sequences and a T2*phase sequence obtained on 3T MR images.HighlightsA fully automated method for both the identification and classification of paramagnetic rim lesions is proposed.Radiomic features in conjunction with machine learning algorithms can accurately classify paramagnetic rim lesions.Challenges for classification are largely driven by heterogeneity between lesions, including equivocal rim signatures and lesion location.

Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: II. The volatile fatty acid production from dried grass

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
G. Barnett ◽  
R. L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Titration Curves

1. A study has been made of the production of volatile fatty acids obtainable from dried grass and its gross water-soluble and water-insoluble separates, in the artificial rumen, over two growing seasons.2. In contradistinction to fresh grass, the dried grass gives a consistent production of acetic acid proportionately greater than propionic acid, at all stages of maturity, but when aqueous extracts of the dried grass, and the resultant extracted grass, respectively, are examined separately in the artificial rumen, it is found that the former yield preponderating amounts of acetic acid while the latter give amounts of propionic acid equal to, or exceeding, the corresponding productions of acetic acid.3. An examination of the titration curves for the total acids obtained from the dried grass, extracted grass and grass extract runs, indicates an approach to an incomplete relationship between the residual carbohydrate in the extracted grass and cellulose, while the grass extract reveals itself as the chief source of acetic acid in the whole dried grass, the acid being formed very speedily at the start of the run.4. The suggested sources and some of the possible metabolic pathways involved in the formation of v.f.a. from grass are discussed in the text.

Effect of diet on individual volatile fatty acids in the rumen of sheep, with particular reference to the effect of low rumen pH and adaptation on high-starch diets

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Reid ◽  
JP Hogan ◽  
PK Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Detailed data are presented on changes in the proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the rumen after feeding on various diets. Pre-feeding proportions were constant on each diet but varied from a mixture of 72-76 per cent. acetic, 14-16 per cent. propionic, and 10-12 per cent. butyric acid on all-roughage diets to one of 63-65 per cent. acetic, 18-20 per cent. propionic, and 16-18 per cent. butyric acid on a diet containing 70 per cent. wheat grain. On all diets the proportion of propionic acid increased after feeding and reached a peak which coincided with the maximum level of total volatile fatty acids. The response of butyric acid was variable, low levels being recorded on a diet of lucerne chaff and on one containing a high proportion of cracked maize. The proportion of acetic acid always declined after feeding. These responses were modified in experiments on rations containing high proportions of wheaten starch, in which rumen pH fell below 5.0 as a result of lactic acid accumulation. When animals were first fed on such diets, a decline in rumen pH below 5.0-5.5 after feeding was always associated with a pronounced decline in the proportions of propionic and butyric acids, to levels as low as 8 and 5 per cent. respectively. Continued feeding of such diets did not affect the response of butyric acid, but there was evidence of a change in propionic acid production in response to low pH conditions, both in respect to short-term change during experiments in which low rumen pH levels were maintained for considerable periods and to long-term change when such diets were fed intermittently over considerable periods. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the effects of pH on individual volatile fatty acid production in the rumen, and on the qualitative nature of the microbial population and on their metabolic patterns.

Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: III. A note on the volatile fatty acid production from crude fibre and grass cellulose

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
G. Barnett ◽  
R. L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

1. The findings presented in two previous papers on the yields of volatile fatty acids, obtained by the action of rumen liquor in the artificial rumen, from fresh grass, dried grass and the water-soluble and water-insoluble separates of the latter, have been amplified by a consideration of the acids similarly obtained from specimens of chemically prepared crude fibre and cellulose, from four of the dried grass specimens.2. The proportions of different volatile fatty acids from grass crude fibre and grass cellulose resemble those obtained from cellulose powder, propionic acid being produced in greatest relative yield.3. A general review of these latter findings, in relation to those already presented, has been given.

Effects of branched-chain volatile fatty acids and fibrolytic enzyme on rumen development in pre- and post-weaned Holstein dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Yan-Rong Liu ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Gang Guo ◽  
Wen-Jie Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Branched Chain

EFFECT OF MONENSIN AND A DEAMINASE INHIBITOR ON FEED UTILIZATION BY LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Health Products

Lambs were fed monensin (Rumensin®, monensin sodium, Eli Lilly and Co., Greenfield, Ind.) and a deaminase inhibitor 4,4’-dimethyldiphenyliodonium chloride (SmithKline Animal Health Products, West Chester, Pa.) (DAI) at 33 and 25 mg/kg of diet, respectively. Digestibility and ruminal volatile fatty acids were measured using five yearling lambs per treatment. There were no treatment effects on digestibility. Molar proportions of propionic acid were 93% higher when monensin plus DAI were fed than when lambs were offered the nonmedicated control diet. Feedlot performance was measured using eighty 18-kg crossbred lambs, with two pens of 10 lambs per treatment. Lambs fed DAI consumed 8% less feed than controls, though feed to gain ratio was not affected. Gains and feed efficiency with monensin were 8% and 5% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than control values, though feed was utilized most efficiently when both monensin and DAI were fed.

Bio-augmentative volatile fatty acid production from waste activated sludge hydrolyzed at pH 12

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (62) ◽  
pp. 50033-50039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Lei Wen ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Yayi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Although many pretreatment methods are employed to enhance the hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS), the bioconversion of soluble complex substrates needs improvement to produce higher volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

scholarly journals Substrate Type And Pretreatment Type Effects On VFA Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamsathvani Sivanantham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

In the following report, the effects of substrate type and pretreatment type on the production of volatile fatty acids during anaerobic digestion was analyzed. First, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to substrate type were investigated. It was determined that wastes that consisted of higher concentrations of carbohydrates would generate higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids during anerobic digestion. In the investigation it was evident that food waste had higher volatile fatty acid yields compared to sludge due to the carbohydrate content. Furthermore, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to pretreatment type were also investigated. Thermal, chemical, physical and combined pretreatments were analysed. The various types of the different pretreatments and their effects on volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion were discussed in depth.

scholarly journals Substrate Type And Pretreatment Type Effects On VFA Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamsathvani Sivanantham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

In the following report, the effects of substrate type and pretreatment type on the production of volatile fatty acids during anaerobic digestion was analyzed. First, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to substrate type were investigated. It was determined that wastes that consisted of higher concentrations of carbohydrates would generate higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids during anerobic digestion. In the investigation it was evident that food waste had higher volatile fatty acid yields compared to sludge due to the carbohydrate content. Furthermore, the effects on volatile fatty acid production due to pretreatment type were also investigated. Thermal, chemical, physical and combined pretreatments were analysed. The various types of the different pretreatments and their effects on volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion were discussed in depth.

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