The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: algorithms for ICD-10 childhood autism and Wing and Gould autistic spectrum disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Sarah J. Libby ◽  
Lorna Wing ◽  
Judith Gould ◽  
Colin Taylor
Author(s):  
Geniele Severiano Da Silva ◽  
Flávia Regina Ribeiro Cavalcante Buffone

Introdução: O brincar é importante para o desenvolvimento saudável do ser brincante. Na criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) essa atividade encontra-se fragilizada em razão do desenvolvimento atípico e suas restrições de interação social. O brincar, além de ser considerada uma ocupação intrínseca da criança, vem sendo utilizado como ferramenta terapêutica com crianças com TEA, capaz de estimulá-las a interagirem com os pares, pois permite a construção do autoconhecimento e a aceitação da existência do outro, favorecendo o estabelecimento das relações emocionais e sociais. Objetivo: Investigar as contribuições do brincar como recurso terapêutico para o desenvolvimento da interação social de uma criança com TEA. Método: Estudo de caso observacional (antes e depois), do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com uma criança com diagnóstico de TEA. O procedimento do estudo se deu em três fases, denominadas como fase 1, 2 e 3. Fase 1 – Aplicação dos protocolos Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) e Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM); Fase 2 – Intervenção (utilização do brincar enquanto recurso terapêutico) e preenchimento do Roteiro de observação; e Fase 3 – Reavaliação por meio dos protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados e Discussão: A criança apresentou evolução quanto a interagir com outras crianças, sair de parques, frequentar festas e compartilhar brinquedos, segundo a concepção da mãe. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados positivos obtidos neste estudo, sugere-se a realização de estudos de intervenção com metodologia adequada para confirmar a hipótese de que o brincar pode ser considerado um recurso eficaz na intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional em crianças com TEA.Palavras-chave: Brincar. Interação social. Terapia Ocupacional. Transtorno do Espectro Austista. AbstractIntroduction: Playing is important for the healthy development of being playful. In children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this activity is weakened due to the atypical development and its restrictions on social interaction. Playing, in addition to being considered an intrinsic occupation of the child, has been used as a therapeutic tool with children with ASD, able to encourage them to interact with peers, since it allows the construction of self-knowledge and acceptance of the existence of the other, favoring the establishment of emotional and social relationships. Objective: To investigate the contributions of playing as a therapeutic resource for the development of social interaction in a child with ASD. Method: Observational case study (before and after), descriptive and exploratory, with a child diagnosed with ASD. The study procedure took place in three phases, called phases 1, 2 and 3. Phase 1 - Application of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) protocols; Phase 2 - Intervention (use of play as a therapeutic resource) and completion of the observation script; and Phase 3 - Reassessment using the previously mentioned protocols. Results and Discussion: The child evolved in terms of interacting with other children, leaving parks, attending parties and sharing toys, according to the mother's conception. Conclusion: Based on the positive results obtained in this study, it is suggested to carry out intervention studies with adequate methodology to confirm the hypothesis that playing can be considered an effective resource in the intervention of Occupational Therapy in children with ASD.Keywords: Play. Social interaction. Occupational therapy. Autistic Spectrum Disorder. ResumenIntrodución: Jugar es importante para el desarrollo saludable de la diversión. En los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) esta actividad se ve debilitada por el desarrollo atípico y sus restricciones en la interacción social. El juego, además de ser considerado una ocupación intrínseca del niño, se ha utilizado como una herramienta terapéutica con los niños con TEA, capaz de animarlos a interactuar con sus pares, ya que permite la construcción del autoconocimiento y la aceptación de la existencia del otro, favoreciendo la establecimiento de relaciones emocionales y sociales. Objetivo: Investigar los aportes del juego como recurso terapéutico para el desarrollo de la interacción social en un niño con TEA. Metodo: Estudio de caso observacional (antes y después), descriptivo y exploratorio, con un niño diagnosticado con TEA. El procedimiento del estudio se llevó a cabo en tres fases, denominadas fases 1, 2 y 3. Fase 1 - Aplicación de los protocolos de la Escala de Calificación del Autismo Infantil (CARS) y la Medida de Desempeño Ocupacional de Canadá (COPM); Fase 2 - Intervención (uso del juego como recurso terapéutico) y finalización del guión de observación; y Fase 3 - Reevaluación utilizando los protocolos mencionados anteriormente. Resultados y discusión: El niño evolucionó en términos de interactuar con otros niños, salir de los parques, asistir a fiestas y compartir juguetes, según la concepción de la madre. Conclusión: A partir de los resultados positivos obtenidos en este estudio, se sugiere realizar estudios de intervención con metodología adecuada para confirmar la hipótesis de que el juego puede considerarse un recurso eficaz en la intervención de Terapia Ocupacional en niños con TEA.Palabras clave: Juego. Interacción social. Terapia Ocupacional. Trastorno del espectro autista. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Luz-Escamilla ◽  
José Morales-González

It has been reported that bioelectric alterations in an electroencephalogram (EEG) may play an etiological role in neurodevelopmental disorders. The clinical impact of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in association with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is unknown. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is one of the gold standards for the diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder. Some studies have indicated high comorbidity of IED and ASD, while other studies have not supported an association between the central symptoms of autism and IED. This review examines the high comorbidity and clinical impact of IED; patients with epilepsy are excluded from the scope of this review. ASD can be disabling and is diagnosed at an average age of 5 years old, at which point the greatest neurological development has occurred. If an association between IED and ASD is identified, a clinical tool that entails an innocuous procedure could enable diagnosis in the first years of life. However, in the absence of reports that prove an association between IED and ASD, patients should not be subjected to expensive treatments, such as the administration of anticonvulsant therapies.


2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Schmitz ◽  
Katya Rubia ◽  
Therese van Amelsvoort ◽  
Eileen Daly ◽  
Anna Smith ◽  
...  

BackgroundLack of social interaction, which is characteristically seen in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, may be caused by malfunctioning of the frontostriatal reward systems. However, no reported in vivo brain imaging studies have investigated reward mechanisms in autistic-spectrum disorder.AimsTo investigate functional brain activation during reward feedback in people with autistic-spectrum disorder and control individuals.MethodWe used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural substrates of monetary reward in individuals with autistic-spectrum disorder and matched controls.ResultsWhen rewarded, individuals with autism compared with control individuals showed significantly greater brain activation in the left anterior cingulate gyrus. In addition, activation of this region was negatively correlated with social interaction as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview.ConclusionsIn people with autistic-spectrum disorder, achieving reward is associated with significant differences in the activation of areas known to be responsible for attention and arousal, and this may partially underpin some deficits in social behaviour.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Oktafian Farhan ◽  
Agus Subekti

Autisme merupakan disabilitas perkembangan yang dialami sepanjang hidup penderita Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Semakin cepat ditangani, semakin besar kemungkinan anak akan kembali normal. Untuk alasan ini, diperlukan metode baru yang dapat membantu orang tua dengan cepat mengenali gejala autisme pada anak-anak mereka. Dalam studi sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Fadi Fayez Tabhtah, suatu data set dihasilkan untuk mendeteksi apakah seorang anak memiliki autisme atau tidak. Tetapi penelitiannya hanya menghasilkan data set, ia tidak memeriksa lebih lanjut dimana algoritma cocok untuk data set yang telah dihasilkan. Atribut data set ternyata memiliki nilai yang salah, yang mengundang pertanyaan tentang keakurasian data. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode CRISP-DM dan menguji keakuratan data set penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan algoritma C.45. Selanjutnya, aplikasi WEKA menggunakan pemilihan fitur dan pengaruh dari nilai yang salah untuk setiap atribut dan menemukan atribut yang paling signifikan. Atribut-atribut ini kemudian diuji dengan algoritma C.45 sehingga model prediksi dari data set diperoleh. Atribut A6 dari perhitungan pohon keputusan tidak muncul sama sekali sebagai cabang. Sebuah model baru diperoleh di mana atribut A6 dihilangkan, sehingga ketika diukur oleh algoritma C.45, nilai akurasi yang lebih baik diperoleh. Hasil model baru kemudian diuji pada data kuesioner baru, yang menghasilkan prediksi yang tepat.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Khan ◽  
Shahida A. Khan ◽  
A.R. Narendra ◽  
Gohar Mushtaq ◽  
Solafa A. Zahran ◽  
...  

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