The role of herbivore‐ and plant‐related experiences in intraspecific host preference of a relatively specialized parasitoid

Abstract Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) is a serious pest of Coffea canephora and Theobroma cacao in Uganda and also attacks several common shade tree species often associated with these crops. Seedlings of 10 common hosts of X. compactus were screened for preferential infestation by X. compactus, with a view to analysing the potential role of the shade trees in escalating incidence and damage by the pest. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks in a garden of mature C. canephora infested by X. compactus that served as a natural source of infestation for the seedlings. The seedlings that became infested by X. compactus were counted weekly and the counts subjected to generalized linear modelling. Results show marked host preference by X. compactus, with T. cacao and C. canephora being the most preferred, while Eucalyptus sp. and Albizia chinensis being the least preferred. Four simulated scenarios of incidence and damage by X. compactus on a preferred crop such as C. canephora are discussed. It is suggested that it is most unlikely for unpreferred alternate host shade tree species to markedly increase populations of X. compactus on shaded preferred host plants. However, these simulations, which are based on results from potted seedlings, need to be validated in a real field situation, taking into account other ecological parameters that are likely to influence pest populations.

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Scanning electron microscopy of the antennal sensilla in female Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761989000400002 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 463-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. L. Felippe-Bauer ◽

P. G. Bauer ◽

F. C. Silva Filho

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Host Preference ◽

Type I ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

Sense Organs ◽

Biting Midges ◽

Sensilla Basiconica ◽

Sensilla Trichodea ◽

Scanning Electron

We studied by sanning electron microscopy the number, types, structure and distribution of the antennal sensilla of the medical important ceratopogonid Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi). There are about 174 sense organs on the antenmal flagellum which are classified as sensilla chaetica; sharp-tipped and blunt-tipped (type I and II) sensilla trichodea; sensilla basiconica; sensilla coeloconica; sensilla ampullacea and styloconic-type sensilla. The role of antennal sensory organs are discussed regarding the host preference of the biting midges.

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Nyamuk: Peran Pola Gigit dan Pilihan Inang Dalam Kompetensi sebagai Vektor

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v5i2.2011.71-81 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Forman Erwin Siagian ◽

Janno BB Bernardus ◽

Robiatul Adawiyah ◽

Esy Maryanti

Keyword(s):

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Host Preference ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Long Time ◽

Transmission Of Disease

Mosquitoes act as vector of fatal diseases such as malaria and dengue hemorrhagic fever since a long time ago. Thruits biting, it can transfer diseases from one sick individu to another ‘immunologically naïve’ people. Biting patternsand host preference play an important role in transmission of disease. Those two might differ among species, evenbetween strain from different region. Geographic and some other enviromental play an important role on mosquitoes’sindividual ability. By knowing those factors will built better understanding on the role of mosquitoes on diseasetransmission

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Host shift and speciation in a coral-feeding nudibranch

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2006.3685 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 274 (1606) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Anuschka Faucci ◽

Robert J Toonen ◽

Michael G Hadfield

Keyword(s):

Host Preference ◽

Marine Invertebrate ◽

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Host Shift ◽

Population Subdivision ◽

Nominal Species ◽

Coral Host ◽

Host Coral ◽

Specific Chemical

While the role of host preference in ecological speciation has been investigated extensively in terrestrial systems, very little is known in marine environments. Host preference combined with mate choice on the preferred host can lead to population subdivision and adaptation leading to host shifts. We use a phylogenetic approach based on two mitochondrial genetic markers to disentangle the taxonomic status and to investigate the role of host specificity in the speciation of the nudibranch genus Phestilla (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) from Guam, Palau and Hawaii. Species of the genus Phestilla complete their life cycle almost entirely on their specific host coral (species of Porites , Goniopora and Tubastrea ). They reproduce on their host coral and their planktonic larvae require a host-specific chemical cue to metamorphose and settle onto their host. The phylogenetic trees of the combined cytochrome oxidase I and ribosomal 16S gene sequences clarify the relationship among species of Phestilla identifying most of the nominal species as monophyletic clades. We found a possible case of host shift from Porites to Goniopora and Tubastrea in sympatric Phestilla spp. This represents one of the first documented cases of host shift as a mechanism underlying speciation in a marine invertebrate. Furthermore, we found highly divergent clades within Phestilla sp. 1 and Phestilla minor (8.1–11.1%), suggesting cryptic speciation. The presence of a strong phylogenetic signal for the coral host confirms that the tight link between species of Phestilla and their host coral probably played an important role in speciation within this genus.

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Bee flowers drive macroevolutionary diversification in long-horned bees

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2021.0533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 288 (1959) ◽

pp. 20210533

Author(s):

Achik Dorchin ◽

Anat Shafir ◽

Frank H. Neumann ◽

Dafna Langgut ◽

Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Host Preference ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Rapid Radiation ◽

Evolutionary Transitions ◽

Rapid Diversification ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Angiosperm Pollen ◽

Plant Pollinator

The role of plant–pollinator interactions in the rapid radiation of the angiosperms have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Studies have brought evidence for pollinator-driven diversification of various plant lineages, particularly plants with specialized flowers and concealed rewards. By contrast, little is known about how this crucial interaction has shaped macroevolutionary patterns of floral visitors. In particular, there is currently no empirical evidence that floral host association has increased diversification in bees, the most prominent group of floral visitors that essentially rely on angiosperm pollen. In this study, we examine how floral host preference influenced diversification in eucerine bees (Apidae, Eucerini), which exhibit large variations in their floral associations. We combine quantitative pollen analyses with a recently proposed phylogenetic hypothesis, and use a state speciation and extinction probabilistic approach. Using this framework, we provide the first evidence that multiple evolutionary transitions from host plants with accessible pollen to restricted pollen from ‘bee-flowers’ have significantly increased the diversification of a bee clade. We suggest that exploiting host plants with restricted pollen has allowed the exploitation of a new ecological niche for eucerine bees and contributed both to their colonization of vast regions of the world and their rapid diversification.

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Diversity and composition of ectomycorrhizal community on seedling roots: the role of host preference and soil origin

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-011-0374-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 669-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Qiong Ding ◽

Yu Liang ◽

Pierre Legendre ◽

Xin-hua He ◽

Ke-quan Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Preference ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Soil Origin

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Niche specificity, polygeny, and pleiotropy in herbivorous insects

10.1101/2021.03.12.435098 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nate B. Hardy ◽

Matt Forister

Keyword(s):

Population Genetic ◽

Host Preference ◽

Genetic Models ◽

Herbivorous Insects ◽

Host Use ◽

Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽

Quantitative Genetic ◽

Polygenic Trait ◽

Parasite Populations

AbstractWhy do herbivorous insects tend to be host specialists? Population genetic models predict specialization when there is antagonistic pleiotropy at a gene for host-use performance. But empirically, host-use performance is governed by many genetic regions, and antagonistic pleiotropy is rare. Here, we use individual-based quantitative genetic simulations to investigate the role of pleiotropy in the evolution of host-use specialization when host-use performance is polygenic. We find that if host-preference is allowed to evolve without cost, parasite populations tend to evolve host-use specialization even without pleiotropy; thus, it would seem that for a polygenic trait, the benefit of maintaining adaptive combinations of conditionally-neutral alleles suffices to drive specialization. But if there is a fecundity cost for host-preference, or if host patches are demographically volatile, host-use generalists evolve, even with high levels of pleiotropy. In sum, if pleiotropy is much more pervasive than has been observed in nature, our simulations show that it could play a role in driving the evolution of polygenic specialization. But pleiotropy is not necessary, and even when it is extensive, selection can favor generalist genotypes.

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Photoperiodic termination of diapause in field-collected adults of the Bombay locust, Nomadacris succincta (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in southern Japan

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300041407 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Tanaka ◽

Y. Sadoyama

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Host Preference ◽

Physiological State ◽

Short Photoperiod ◽

Time Interval ◽

Ecological Significance ◽

Long Day ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

AbstractThe role of photoperiod in controlling the termination of adult diapause in the Bombay locust, Nomadacris succincta Linnaeus (formerly Patanga succincta) was examined by exposing pairs of field-collected adults to different photoperiods at 30°C. Adults of this species appear in June and remain in diapause until March in the following spring. Female adults collected in November started laying eggs earlier at a 14 h photoperiod (L:D 14:10) than at a 12 h photoperiod (L:D 12:12), although the mean pre-ovipositional periods at the two photoperiods were not significantly different from each other. All first egg-pods produced by long-day females contained fertilized eggs while only some short-day pairs produced fertilized eggs in their first pod, indicating that mating was suppressed at a short photoperiod. In adults collected in January and exposed to a 10 h photoperiod (L:D 10:14), the mean time of first oviposition was significantly delayed compared to those exposed to a 14 h photoperiod. These results demonstrate that N. succincta uses daylength as a cue to control the time of diapause termination in the field. The time interval between the first and second egg-pod depositions was influenced not only by the physiological state of the females but also by the environmental conditions, i.e. photoperiod, and it was positively correlated with the length of pre-ovipositional period. The occurrence of a change in host preference by diapause adults and its ecological significance were also pointed out.

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