Community structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling of microbiome existing in fat body and ovary of the brown planthopper,
            Nilaparvata lugens

Growth and reproduction are the two most basic life processes of organisms and the distribution of energy in these processes is a core issue of the life history of organisms. Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the brown planthopper (BPH), is a single-feeding rice pest. In the present study, this species was used as a model for testing the effects of nutritional conditions on various growth and reproduction indicators. First, the third-instar nymphs were fed with three different concentrations (100, 50, and 25%) of artificial diet until the second day of adulthood. The results showed that as the nutrient concentration decreased, the body development and oviposition of BPH were hindered. The total lipid content in the fat bodies was also significantly reduced. RT-PCR analysis showed compared to the 100% concentration group, the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg) genes in the fifth-instar nymphs, adults, and in different tissues (ovary, fat body, and other tissues) were significantly decreased in the 50 and 25% treatment groups. Western blot analysis showed that Vg protein expression was highest in the 100% group, followed by the 50% group, with no expression in the 25% group. These results indicate that growth and reproduction in the BPH are regulated by, or correlated with, nutrient concentration. This study is of great significance as it reveals the adaptive strategies of the BPH to nutritional deficiencies and it also provides valuable information for the comprehensive control of this pest.

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Functional profiling of the gut microbiomes in two different populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology ◽

10.1016/j.aspen.2018.09.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1309-1314 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yunhua Zhang ◽

Tao Tang ◽

Wenhao Li ◽

Tingwei Cai ◽

Jianhong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Functional Profiling ◽

Different Populations

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Physiology of insecticide-induced stimulation of reproduction in the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)): dynamics of protein in fat body and ovary

International Journal of Pest Management ◽

10.1080/09670870902988928 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jun-Huan Hu ◽

Jin-Cai Wu ◽

Jian-Li Yin ◽

Hai-Nan Gu

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Stimulation Of

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An MD-2-related lipid-recognition protein is required for insect reproduction and integument development

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.210170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Ya Ma ◽

Rui-Rui Yang ◽

Xu Cheng ◽

Hai-Jian Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Female Reproductive Success ◽

Adult Transition ◽

Recognition Protein ◽

Hemipteran Insect ◽

Insect Reproduction ◽

Myeloid Differentiation Factor

The myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)-related lipid-recognition protein is involved in immune responses through recognizing bacteria lipopolysaccharide in mammals, arthropods and plants. However, the physiological roles of MD-2 in other biological processes are largely unknown. Here, we identified three homologue MD-2 genes ( NlML1 , NlML2 and NlML3 ) by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , a hemipteran insect species. Temporospatial analysis showed that the NlML1 gene was highly expressed in the fat body but much less so in the other tissues, while the NlML2 and NlML3 genes were highly expressed in the testis or digestive tract. RNA interference-mediated depletion of the NlML1 gene significantly downregulated the transcription of numerous integument protein genes. The NlML1 knockdown led to moulting failure and mortality at the nymph–adult transition phase, impaired egg laying and hatching, and reduced 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production in the nymphs. 20E could rescue the deficient moulting phenotypes derived from ds NlML1 RNAi. These novel findings indicate that NlML1 is required for nymphal moulting and female reproductive success as it plays an important role in regulating 20E synthesis, lipid and chitin metabolisms in N. lugens , thus contributing to our understanding of developmental and reproductive mechanisms in insects.

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Antimicrobials Affect the Fat Body Microbiome and Increase the Brown Planthopper Mortality

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.644897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jiateng Shi ◽

Yang Song ◽

Xuping Shentu ◽

Xiaoping Yu

Keyword(s):

Fungal Diversity ◽

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Absolute Abundance ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

The Relationship ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Symbionts in the abdomen fat body of brown planthopper (BPH) play an important role in the growth and reproduction of their host, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Thus, controlling BPH infection on rice by inhibiting symbionts with antimicrobials is feasible. However, the effect of antimicrobials on the microbiome in the fat body and the relationship between microbial community and mortality have not been fully elucidated. A decrease in the total number of yeast-like symbiotes in the fat body and elevated mortality were observed after exposure to toyocamycin, tebuconazole, and zhongshengmycin. Additionally, we found that the antimicrobials reduced bacterial diversity and increased fungal diversity in the fat body and altered the bacterial and fungal community structure. Although the total absolute abundance of bacteria and fungi decreased after antimicrobial exposure, the absolute abundance of Serratia increased, indicating that Serratia, which was the most dominant in the fat body, is an important symbiont involved in resistance to antimicrobials. After antimicrobial exposure, seven genera, which probably participated in the nutrition and development function of the host, were totally eliminated from the fat body. Overall, our study enriches the knowledge of microbiomes in the fat body of BPH under antimicrobial treatment and the disturbance of symbionts would be further used to help other pesticides to control pests.

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Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuping Shentu ◽

Yin Xiao ◽

Yang Song ◽

Zhenyan Cao ◽

Jingxuan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Growth Development ◽

The Difference ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Richness Index

Yeast-like symbionts (YLSs), harbored in the abdominal fat body of brown planthoppers (BPHs), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of their host. However, little is known about the diversity of the symbiotic fungal YLSs that are harbored in the eggs of BPHs and the difference between fertilized eggs and non-fertilized eggs. Here, we investigate the fungal community compositions of non-fertilized and fertilized eggs of BPHs and identified the YLSs in the hemolymph by qPCR. A total of seven phyla, 126 genera, and 158 species were obtained from all samples, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most predominant phyla in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs. The richness index indicated that microbial diversity in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs exhibited a profound difference. In addition, 11 strains were only identified in the fertilized eggs, and these strains provide new insights into the constitution of species in YLSs. The difference of Pichia guilliermondii in the female hemolymph indicated that fertilization affected the diversity in the eggs by changing the YLSs in the hemolymph. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding of YLS species and their abundance in the eggs of BPHs, and it primarily explores how the changes of YLSs in the hemolymph lead to this difference.

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