Antimicrobials Affect the Fat Body Microbiome and Increase the Brown Planthopper Mortality

Symbionts in the abdomen fat body of brown planthopper (BPH) play an important role in the growth and reproduction of their host, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Thus, controlling BPH infection on rice by inhibiting symbionts with antimicrobials is feasible. However, the effect of antimicrobials on the microbiome in the fat body and the relationship between microbial community and mortality have not been fully elucidated. A decrease in the total number of yeast-like symbiotes in the fat body and elevated mortality were observed after exposure to toyocamycin, tebuconazole, and zhongshengmycin. Additionally, we found that the antimicrobials reduced bacterial diversity and increased fungal diversity in the fat body and altered the bacterial and fungal community structure. Although the total absolute abundance of bacteria and fungi decreased after antimicrobial exposure, the absolute abundance of Serratia increased, indicating that Serratia, which was the most dominant in the fat body, is an important symbiont involved in resistance to antimicrobials. After antimicrobial exposure, seven genera, which probably participated in the nutrition and development function of the host, were totally eliminated from the fat body. Overall, our study enriches the knowledge of microbiomes in the fat body of BPH under antimicrobial treatment and the disturbance of symbionts would be further used to help other pesticides to control pests.

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Effects of Different Nutritional Conditions on the Growth and Reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.794721 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Kui Kang ◽

Youjun Cai ◽

Lei Yue ◽

Wenqing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

The Body ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Nutritional Conditions ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Growth and reproduction are the two most basic life processes of organisms and the distribution of energy in these processes is a core issue of the life history of organisms. Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the brown planthopper (BPH), is a single-feeding rice pest. In the present study, this species was used as a model for testing the effects of nutritional conditions on various growth and reproduction indicators. First, the third-instar nymphs were fed with three different concentrations (100, 50, and 25%) of artificial diet until the second day of adulthood. The results showed that as the nutrient concentration decreased, the body development and oviposition of BPH were hindered. The total lipid content in the fat bodies was also significantly reduced. RT-PCR analysis showed compared to the 100% concentration group, the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg) genes in the fifth-instar nymphs, adults, and in different tissues (ovary, fat body, and other tissues) were significantly decreased in the 50 and 25% treatment groups. Western blot analysis showed that Vg protein expression was highest in the 100% group, followed by the 50% group, with no expression in the 25% group. These results indicate that growth and reproduction in the BPH are regulated by, or correlated with, nutrient concentration. This study is of great significance as it reveals the adaptive strategies of the BPH to nutritional deficiencies and it also provides valuable information for the comprehensive control of this pest.

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Community structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling of microbiome existing in fat body and ovary of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Insect Science ◽

10.1111/1744-7917.12575 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 683-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jian‐Hua Zhang ◽

Na Yu ◽

Xi‐Xia Xu ◽

Ze‐Wen Liu

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Functional Profiling

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Comparative Analysis of Fungal Diversity and Community Structure of Different Volcanic Soils in Wudalianchi, China

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 327-334

Author(s):

Fan Yang ◽

Liqiang Mu ◽

Qingyang Huang ◽

Lihong Xie ◽

Hongjie Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Fungal Diversity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Relationship ◽

Soil Environmental Factors

The relationship between the fungal community characteristics and soil environmental factors of volcanic ecosystem in Wudalianchi, China were investigated. The soil fungal community structure and diversity of new, old, and non-erupting volcanos were explored through highthroughput sequencing technology. The result showed that the physical and chemical properties of three plots were significantly different. Through sequencing 578 species, 366 genera, 202 families, 89 orders, 32 classes, and 11 phyla were detected. Among them Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi phyla. The relative abundance of various flora determined by phylum classification showed significant differences. The Shannon, Simpson, Ace, and Chao1 indices for the soil fungi in the three plots were also significantly different. Redundancy and correlation analyses showed that the α diversity of fungi was significantly correlated with pH, organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil. These results indicate that soil environmental factors influence the fungal diversity in the different volcanic ecosystems in Wudalianchi, China. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 327-334, 2021 (June)

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Physiology of insecticide-induced stimulation of reproduction in the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)): dynamics of protein in fat body and ovary

International Journal of Pest Management ◽

10.1080/09670870902988928 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jun-Huan Hu ◽

Jin-Cai Wu ◽

Jian-Li Yin ◽

Hai-Nan Gu

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Stimulation Of

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An MD-2-related lipid-recognition protein is required for insect reproduction and integument development

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.210170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Ya Ma ◽

Rui-Rui Yang ◽

Xu Cheng ◽

Hai-Jian Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Female Reproductive Success ◽

Adult Transition ◽

Recognition Protein ◽

Hemipteran Insect ◽

Insect Reproduction ◽

Myeloid Differentiation Factor

The myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)-related lipid-recognition protein is involved in immune responses through recognizing bacteria lipopolysaccharide in mammals, arthropods and plants. However, the physiological roles of MD-2 in other biological processes are largely unknown. Here, we identified three homologue MD-2 genes ( NlML1 , NlML2 and NlML3 ) by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , a hemipteran insect species. Temporospatial analysis showed that the NlML1 gene was highly expressed in the fat body but much less so in the other tissues, while the NlML2 and NlML3 genes were highly expressed in the testis or digestive tract. RNA interference-mediated depletion of the NlML1 gene significantly downregulated the transcription of numerous integument protein genes. The NlML1 knockdown led to moulting failure and mortality at the nymph–adult transition phase, impaired egg laying and hatching, and reduced 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production in the nymphs. 20E could rescue the deficient moulting phenotypes derived from ds NlML1 RNAi. These novel findings indicate that NlML1 is required for nymphal moulting and female reproductive success as it plays an important role in regulating 20E synthesis, lipid and chitin metabolisms in N. lugens , thus contributing to our understanding of developmental and reproductive mechanisms in insects.

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Removal or component reversal of local geomagnetic field affects foraging orientation preference in migratory insect brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12351

Author(s):

Yingchao Zhang ◽

Weidong Pan

Keyword(s):

Geomagnetic Field ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Northeast Asia ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Zero Magnetic Field ◽

Orientation Preference ◽

Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽

Directional Information ◽

The Relationship

Background Migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) annually migrates to Northeast Asia in spring and returns to Southeast Asia in autumn. However, mechanisms for orientation and navigation during their flight remain largely unknown. The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an important source of directional information for animals (including N. lugens), yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully identified. Methods Here we assessed the influences of GMF on the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens by removing or component reversal of local GMF. At the same time, we examined the role of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1), a putative component of magnetoreceptor, in the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens under the controlled magnetic fields by RNA silencing (RNAi). Results We found that the near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) or vertical reversal of GMF could lead to N. lugens losing the foraging orientation preference, suggesting that a normal level of GMF, in the way of either intensity or inclination, was essential for the foraging orientation of N. lugens. Moreover, the gene knockdown of IscA1, also affected the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens, pointing out a potential role of IscA1 in the insects’ sensing of variation in the GMF. Discussion These results suggested a foraging orientation preference is associated with the GMF and revealed new insights into the relationship between the IscA1 and magnetosensitivity mechanism in N. lugens.

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Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuping Shentu ◽

Yin Xiao ◽

Yang Song ◽

Zhenyan Cao ◽

Jingxuan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Growth Development ◽

The Difference ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Richness Index

Yeast-like symbionts (YLSs), harbored in the abdominal fat body of brown planthoppers (BPHs), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of their host. However, little is known about the diversity of the symbiotic fungal YLSs that are harbored in the eggs of BPHs and the difference between fertilized eggs and non-fertilized eggs. Here, we investigate the fungal community compositions of non-fertilized and fertilized eggs of BPHs and identified the YLSs in the hemolymph by qPCR. A total of seven phyla, 126 genera, and 158 species were obtained from all samples, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most predominant phyla in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs. The richness index indicated that microbial diversity in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs exhibited a profound difference. In addition, 11 strains were only identified in the fertilized eggs, and these strains provide new insights into the constitution of species in YLSs. The difference of Pichia guilliermondii in the female hemolymph indicated that fertilization affected the diversity in the eggs by changing the YLSs in the hemolymph. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding of YLS species and their abundance in the eggs of BPHs, and it primarily explores how the changes of YLSs in the hemolymph lead to this difference.

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