scholarly journals Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk: Towards a dimensional approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Gleich ◽  
Gianna Spitta ◽  
Oisin Butler ◽  
Kristin Zacharias ◽  
Semiha Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Dopamine D2

Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder and Individuals at High Risk

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gianna Spitta ◽  
Tobias Gleich ◽  
Kristin Zacharias ◽  
Oisin Butler ◽  
Ralph Buchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been demonstrated in recent clinical studies and meta-analyses. However, only a limited number of studies investigated extrastriatal D2/3 availability in AUD or in at-risk populations. In line with a dimensional understanding of addiction, extrastriatal dopaminergic neuroadaptations have been suggested to be relevant from a pathobiological perspective. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We investigated D2/3 receptor availability via <sup>18</sup>F-fallypride positron emission tomography applying a region of interest (ROI) approach. We selected ROIs for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our sample included 19 healthy controls (low risk [LR]), 19 individuals at high risk (HR) to develop addiction, and 20 recently detoxified AUD patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found significantly higher D2/3 receptor availability of HR compared to AUD in the left and right rostral ACC (rACC), as well as in the left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). We did not observe a significant difference between AUD and LR. After corrections for multiple comparisons none of the ROIs reached significance throughout the group comparison. The D2/3 receptor availability in the left rACC was inversely correlated with symptom severity assessed with the Alcohol Dependency Scale. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> To our knowledge, the present work is the first study investigating extrastriatal D2/3 receptor availabilities in individuals at HR and patients with AUD. The observation that D2/3 receptor availabilities are highest in HR might suggest that their pathobiology differs from subjects with AUD. Future studies are necessary to clarify the intraindividual course of this biomarker over different disease stages and its possible role as a risk or protective factor.

Precollege and New-Onset College Interpersonal Trauma as Predictors of Baseline and Changes in Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms During College

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988386
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Bountress ◽  
Daniel Bustamante ◽  
Christina Sheerin ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
Ananda B. Amstadter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
First Year ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

College is a high-risk time for interpersonal trauma (IPT) exposure (e.g., physical or sexual abuse/assault), a potent form of trauma exposure. College is also a high-risk time for alcohol misuse, as use begins and increases in adolescence and peaks in the early/mid-20s. In addition, although IPT is associated with alcohol misuse, less clear is whether distal (prior to college) or proximal (during college) IPT impacts alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms at the beginning of college and/or changes in symptoms during college. Data were collected from a large, longitudinal study of college students, attending a large public university in the southeast, who had reported lifetime IPT as well as lifetime alcohol use. Participants in the current study were 18.5 years old ( SD = 0.46), primarily female (67.2%), and of diverse racial backgrounds (e.g., 53.4% White, 18.5% Black, 12.7% Asian, 15.4% Other). Latent change score analyses were employed to test the impact of IPT prior to college and IPT during college on initial levels of, and changes in, AUD symptoms during college. Those who experienced an IPT prior to college reported more AUD symptoms at the beginning of college and less changes in AUD symptoms during the first year of college. Those who experienced an IPT in the first 2 and last 2 years of college reported greater increases in symptoms in the first 2 and last 2 years of college, respectively. Findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts for those who experience an IPT prior to or during college may be useful in reducing AUD symptoms during that time period.

scholarly journals Social Contexts of Remission from DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder in a High-Risk Sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivia V. McCutcheon ◽  
John R. Kramer ◽  
Howard J. Edenberg ◽  
John I. Nurnberger ◽  
Samuel Kuperman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Dsm 5

scholarly journals Open secret, or imagined problem: Drug and alcohol use in Tanzanian road traffic accident drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Rose Dozois ◽  
Paulina Nkondora ◽  
Erin E Noste ◽  
Juma Mfinanga ◽  
Hendry R Sawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Research Assistants

Abstract Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as an important public health problem in low and middle-income countries, where 90% of RTA deaths occur. The World Health Organization has suggested strategies to address excess mortality from RTAs including efforts to combat driving while intoxicated. The association between substance use and RTAs is well known in high-income countries, but data is more limited in low-resource settings including Tanzania. The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of drug use, alcohol use, and substance use disorders in Tanzanian RTA drivers. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Muhimbili National Hospital, a national referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Research assistants available 24 hours per day enrolled adult drivers who presented within 24 hours of an RTA. In eligible patients, research assistants collected a saliva test of blood alcohol content (BAC) and a urine drug screen (UDS), and administered a validated substance abuse screening tool, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Patients were excluded from individual analyses if they could not produce a saliva or urine test or answer questions. Primary outcomes were rates of positive BAC, UDS and self-reported high-risk alcohol and drug use patterns. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Excel. Results We screened 5264 trauma patients and enrolled 538, in whom 191 had a BAC, 362 had a UDS, and 417 had a complete ASSIST. Fifteen of 191 patients (7.8%) had a positive BAC, and 68/362 (18.7%) patients had a UDS that was positive for at least one drug. Based on the ASSIST, 104/417 (24.5%) of patients were at moderate or high risk for alcohol use disorder. Few were at risk for disordered use of other non-tobacco substances. Conclusion In our population of drivers presenting within 24 hours of an RTA, positive BAC and UDS tests were rare. A substantial portion of the population was at moderate to high risk for an alcohol use disorder. Ideal screening for substance use in trauma populations may involve a verbal screening tool, particularly when the time between injury and hospital arrival is delayed.

The rearing environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Adoptive Parent ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Half Sibling

Abstract Background Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of rearing environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods Defining high-risk as having ⩾1 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality rearing environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65–0.89) and 0.77 (0.70–0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the rearing environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality rearing environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk.

PW01-230 - [18F]fallypride pet measurement of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in patients with alcohol use disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
G. Koller ◽  
C. La Fougere ◽  
A. Rominger ◽  
B. Holdtschmidt-Täschner ◽  
M. Soyka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Dopamine D2

scholarly journals Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget F. Grant ◽  
S. Patricia Chou ◽  
Tulshi D. Saha ◽  
Roger P. Pickering ◽  
Bradley T. Kerridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Problem Alcohol Use in Young Australian Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Reid ◽  
Obioha C. Ukoumunne ◽  
Carolyn Coffey ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
John B. Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
High Risk Drinking

Objective: To examine the extent to which excessive drinking in young adults is associated with alcohol abuse and dependence. Method: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the eighth wave of the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, which comprised 1943 Victorians currently aged 24–25 years drawn from 44 secondary schools across the state in 1992. The main outcome measures of interest were short-term risk drinking status (based on daily alcohol consumption) and long-term risk drinking status (based on total weekly alcohol consumption). Results: Two out of 5 participants drank at moderate to high risk levels for short-term harm. Yet, because young people tend to drink on only 1–2 days a week, fewer (22%) were at moderate to high risk for long-term harm. Although 20% of the participants met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence, most of those in the moderate- to high-risk drinking categories were not diagnosed with either alcohol disorder. Conclusion: Excessive alcohol use in one or two sessions a week appears to be common in young Australian adults. While short- and long-term risky drinking is more common in those with an alcohol use disorder, the majority of moderate- and high-risk drinking is done by those who do not meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder.

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