Assessing the status of leopard in the Cape Fold Mountains using a Bayesian spatial capture–recapture model in Just Another Gibbs Sampler

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Amin ◽  
Anita Wilkinson ◽  
Kathryn S. Williams ◽  
Quinton E. Martins ◽  
Jeannie Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Sampler ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture

scholarly journals The wildcat Felis silvestris in northern Turkey: assessment of status using camera trapping

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgün Emre Can ◽  
İrfan Kandemi̇r ◽  
İnci̇ Togan
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Estimate Population Size

AbstractThe wildcat Felis silvestris is a protected species in Turkey but the lack of information on its status is an obstacle to conservation initiatives. To assess the status of the species we interviewed local forestry and wildlife personnel and conducted field surveys in selected sites in northern, eastern and western Turkey during 2000–2007. In January–May 2006 we surveyed for the wildcat using 16 passive infrared-trigged camera traps in Yaylacı k Research Forest, a 50-km2 forest patch in Yenice Forest in northern Turkey. A total sampling effort of 1,200 camera trap days over 40 km2 yielded photo-captures of eight individual wildcats over five sampling occasions. Using the software MARK to estimate population size the closed capture–recapture model M0, which assumes a constant capture probability among all occasions and individuals, best fitted the capture history data. The wildcat population size in Yaylacı k Research Forest was estimated to be 11 (confidence interval 9–23). Yenice Forest is probably one of the most important areas for the long-term conservation of the wildcat as it is the largest intact forest habitat in Turkey with little human presence, and without human settlements, and with a high diversity of prey species. However, it has been a major logging area and is not protected. The future of Yenice Forest and its wildcat population could be secured by granting this region a protection status and enforcing environmental legislation.

scholarly journals Capture - Recapture based Study on The Completeness of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Reporting in southwest Iran during 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Amiri ◽  
Mohammad javad Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad alavi ◽  
Shokrolah Salmanzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Hematnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Southwest Iran ◽  
Completeness Of Reporting

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death in infectious diseases and one of the ten leading causes of death in the world. For any TB control program, a reliable surveillance is essential. In order to assess the status of the Surveillance, the quality of the record and the completeness of reporting should be assessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the completeness of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis reporting in Ahvaz of Iran. Methods The study was conducted through a Three-source Capture recapture method by collecting laboratory, hospital, and physician reporting data - including introducing patients to health centers and reviewing drug and laboratory prescriptions. Data analysis was performed using linear logarithm model in Rcapture package R software. Results In total, 134 new cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were reported through three sources During 2016. The completeness of reporting the disease was estimated 87.5% and the incidence rate was estimated to be 11.8 / 100,000. Completeness of reporting of laboratory, hospital and physician resources were 79%, 30% and 16.3%, respectively. Conclusion The present study showed the necessity of evaluating the quality, completeness and linkage between data. Linking between data sources can improve the accuracy and completeness of TB Surveillance.

Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Kootenai River ◽  
Functional Extinction ◽  
Annual Mortality

Abstract.—We examined the status and population characteristics of Kootenai River burbot <em>Lota lota </em>using capture–recapture data from 1993 to 2004. Our objective was to determine when this population may become functionally extinct and to help guide conservation efforts. A total of 403 burbot were captured, of which 300 were tagged and released, 31 were not tagged, and 72 were recaptures of fish tagged up to 4 years prior. Hoop-net catch per unit effort, where one unit of effort is a hoop-net set for 24 h, declined from 0.054 in 1996 to 0.008 in 2004. Mean total length of sampled burbot increased at a rate of about 8 mm/year from 1993 (516 mm) to 2004 (629 mm). Two models were developed for capture–recapture analysis, one that included effort data through a series of river reaches and one without effort data. The effort model appeared to be more reliable and suggested an average annual mortality rate for adult burbot (>250 mm) of 63%, an average annual recruitment of 77 fish, and an average estimate of 148 burbot in the Kootenai River from 1996 through 2004. Average declines in recruitment and population abundance were estimated to be 21% and 14% per year, respectively, resulting in estimates of only 20 recruits and a population size of only 50 burbot in 2004. These data confirm that Kootenai River burbot are in serious decline and may have already reached functional extinction. We conclude that immediate remedial measures must be implemented by focusing on rehabilitation of the native genetic stock and habitat remediation described in other studies.

Alternative population estimates of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Hawaiian waters

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2818-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scott Baker ◽  
Louis M. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Independent Study ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Based on a census of photographically identified humpback whales in Hawaiian waters during the years 1977 to 1981, J. D. Darling and H. Morowitz (1986. Can. J. Zool. 64: 105–111) estimate that the number of individuals visiting this breeding ground is 1000 during a single winter and 2100 across five winters. Confidence limits are not reported for either estimate, however, and the authors do not consider fully the potential biases of their capture–recapture analyses. A test of the frequency of capture model used for the within-year analysis showed, in some cases, a poor fit between the theoretical distribution and the reported data, thus indicating that the resulting population estimates may also be incorrect. Alternative estimates of across-years abundance were calculated using data from an independent study of humpback whales in Hawaiian waters conducted during the years 1980 to 1983. From the resighting records of the 519 whales identified during this period, Petersen and Jolly–Seber models provide estimates ranging from 635 to 1536 individuals for contiguous sampling years. These estimates are difficult to reconcile with the larger across-years estimate of Darling and Morowitz and suggest that further study is needed to accurately assess the status of this endangered population.

scholarly journals The status of the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in Bamu National Park, Iran

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghoddousi ◽  
Amirhossein Kh. Hamidi ◽  
Taher Ghadirian ◽  
Delaram Ashayeri ◽  
Igor Khorozyan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Persian Leopard ◽  
Jackknife Estimator

AbstractWe describe the use of camera-trapping with capture-recapture, occupancy and visitation rate modelling to study the size, demographic structure and distribution of the Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in Bamu National Park, southern Iran. A total sampling effort of 1,012 trap-nights yielded photo-captures of four adults, two subadult individuals and a cub over 21 sampling occasions. The leopard population size estimated by the M(h) model and jackknife estimator was 6.00 ± SE 0.24 individuals. This gives a density of 1.87 ± SE 0.07 leopards per 100 km2. Detection probability was constant and low and, as a result, estimated occupancy rate was significantly higher than that predicted from photographic capture sites alone. Occupancy was 56% of the protected area and visitation rates were 0.01–0.05 visits per day. The most imminent threats to leopards in Bamu are poaching and habitat fragmentation.

scholarly journals Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi densities and human activities in the humid evergreen rainforests of Sumatra

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Iding Haidir ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Matthew Linkie
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Capture Recapture

Abstract Most species of wild felids are threatened, but for many little is known about their status in the wild. For the cryptic and elusive Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi, key metrics such as abundance and occupancy have been challenging to obtain. We conducted an intensive survey for this species on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. We deployed camera traps across four study areas that varied in elevation and threats, for a total of 28,404 trap nights, resulting in 114 independent clouded leopard photographs, in which we identified 18 individuals. Using a Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis, we estimated clouded leopard density to be 0.8–2.4 individuals/100 km2. The highest predicted occurrence of people was at lower altitudes and closer to the forest edge, where we categorized more than two-thirds of people recorded by camera traps as bird poachers, 12.5% each as ungulate/tiger poachers and non-timber collectors, and < 2% as fishers. Our findings provide important insights into the status of this little known species in Sumatra. We recommend that the large volume of camera-trap data from other Sumatran landscapes be used for an island-wide assessment of the clouded leopard population, to provide up-to-date and reliable information for guiding future conservation planning.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Odom ◽  
PL Beemsterboer ◽  
TD Pate ◽  
NK Haden
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
The Status
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