Hydrolysis lignin as a multifunctional additive in Atlantic salmon feed improves fish growth performance and pellet quality and shifts gut microbiome

AbstractAtlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feed and can be sustainably cultivated on lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigated the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. A marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggested that 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results but at the 20% inclusion level of yeast, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.

Download Full-text

The Effect of First Feeding Exposure of Larval Largemouth Bass to a Formulated Soybean Meal‐Based or Soy Saponin‐Supplemented Diet on Fish Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome

North American Journal of Aquaculture ◽

10.1002/naaq.10200 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karolina Kwasek ◽

Michal Wojno ◽

Samuel Patula ◽

Frank Oliaro ◽

Chrissy Cabay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Largemouth Bass ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fish Growth ◽

First Feeding

Download Full-text

Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-575053/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Leeper ◽

Ricardo Ekmay ◽

Stephen Knobloch ◽

Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir ◽

Madhushri Varunjikar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Torula Yeast ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Marine Protein

Abstract BackgroundLarge scale Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements of conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii) has been identified as a promising alternative protein for aquaculture feeds, and can be sustainable cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses, contributing to circular economic growth. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon to facilitate the commercial uptake of this alternative protein. Two types of diets were assessed in this study. Firstly, a marine protein base diet where fish meal (FM) was replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a simplified replacement. Secondly, a marine protein and plant protein combination where mixed plant meals (MIX) were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a commercial relevant dietary replacement.ResultsThis study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to the growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced a mix of plant meal in a combined protein source diet results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results compared with both the control and 20% inclusion. At the highest inclusion level for the mixed diets potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increased level of bacteria associated with slower growth in other salmonid species.ConclusionsThis study supports the application of torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional protein sources. However, the other components of the diet will need to be considered to determine the optimal inclusion level for this alternative protein. Future research should further optimise the inclusion of torula yeast in salmonid diets and investigate its influence on the functional role of the fish gut microbiome to facilitate improved formulated feed formulations and ensure a sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

Download Full-text

Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-575053/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Leeper ◽

Ricardo Ekmay ◽

Stephen Knobloch ◽

Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir ◽

Madhushri Varunjikar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Torula Yeast ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Performance Results ◽

Gut Microbial Community ◽

The Impact

Abstract Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feeds and can be sustainably cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigates the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. Both a marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results and at the highest inclusion level, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.

Download Full-text

Response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum-based diet on growth performance and Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i5.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 755-759

Author(s):

A.A. Nwabueze ◽

J.K. Ekelemu ◽

O.A. Owe

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Challenge Infection ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Fish Samples

The response of Clarias gariepinus to Allium sativum on growth performance and as anti-bacterial agent in Staphylococcus aureus challenge infection was evaluated. A. sativum was included at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% in fish diet. Twenty fish samples each were randomly distributed into four tanks (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight for twelve weeks. All fish were challenged with 0.5ml of pure culture of S. aureus. A significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight, total length and standard length was observed. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion promoted highest growth with feed conversion ratio (1.25-1.41), protein efficiency ratio (1.72-0.56), specific growth rate (1.92-2.09), condition factor (0.83-1.99) and survival rate (60-95). Fish-fed A. sativum diet showed that 4.5% inclusion had the least S. aureus activity. Bacteria load significantly (P<0.05) decrease at week 12. Culture water had dissolved oxygen of 4.0 - 4.2 mg/L, pH 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 26.0-28.0oC. This study has shown that A. sativum supplemented diets enhanced growth of C. gariepinus and functioned as antibacterial agent against S. aureus. A. sativum at 3.0% inclusion in diet is recommended for better fish growth and 4.5% A. sativum for antibacterial action. Keywords: Fish, herb, growth, infection

Download Full-text

Cleaner fish growth, welfare and survival in Atlantic salmon sea cages during an autumn-winter production

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 528 ◽

pp. 735623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lena Geitung ◽

Daniel William Wright ◽

Frode Oppedal ◽

Lars Helge Stien ◽

Tone Vågseth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Cleaner Fish

Download Full-text

Antioxidant vitamins, minerals and lipid levels in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.): effects on growth performance and fillet quality

Aquaculture Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2095.2003.00288.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 113-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

K. Hamre ◽

R. Christiansen ◽

R. Waagbo ◽

A. Maage ◽

B.E. Torstensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Fillet Quality

Download Full-text

Effect of Supplementation of Dried Bioflocs Produced by Freeze-Drying and Oven-Drying Methods on Water Quality, Growth Performance and Proximate Composition of Red Hybrid Tilapia

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse10010061 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Tarq Binalshikh-Abubkr ◽

Marlia Mohd Hanafiah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Body Composition ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Freeze Dried

Supplementation of dried bioflocs for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was examined during 57 days of feeding trials. Five experimental treatments; T1 (the control; without bioflocs), T2 (4% freeze-dried bioflocs), T3 (16% freeze-dried bioflocs), T4 (4% oven-dried bioflocs), and T5 (16% oven-dried bioflocs) were prepared to examine the water quality, growth performance and body composition of red hybrid tilapia. T2 and T4 treatments resulted in a higher growth rate and survival similar to the control, while T3 and T5 treatments showed the lowest values of growth performance among all treatments. T1 treatment showed the best quality of culture water followed by T2 and T4 treatments, while T3 treatment resulted in poor water quality followed by T5 treatment. Based on these results, the ratios of bioflocs (4% and 16%) had more effect on fish growth and water quality than the drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying). The ratio of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs provided higher growth rates and better water quality parameters similar to the control, while the ratio of 16% showed the worst growth performance and water quality in the present study. In addition, body compositions of tilapia fed 4% dried bioflocs showed better nutritional value than tilapia fed 16% dried bioflocs. Protein and energy levels showed an increasing trend with decreasing supplement levels of bioflocs. Moisture content was significantly higher when supplementation of 16% bioflocs was used. Overall, supplementation of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs can be successively included in red hybrid tilapia diets without any effects on growth or body composition and can result in a good quality of culture water for red hybrid tilapia.

Download Full-text