scholarly journals Torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the impact on growth performance and gut microbiome

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leeper ◽  
Ricardo Ekmay ◽  
Stephen Knobloch ◽  
Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir ◽  
Madhushri Varunjikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAtlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feed and can be sustainably cultivated on lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigated the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. A marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggested that 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results but at the 20% inclusion level of yeast, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.

scholarly journals Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leeper ◽  
Ricardo Ekmay ◽  
Stephen Knobloch ◽  
Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir ◽  
Madhushri Varunjikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feeds and can be sustainably cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigates the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. Both a marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results and at the highest inclusion level, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.

scholarly journals Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leeper ◽  
Ricardo Ekmay ◽  
Stephen Knobloch ◽  
Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir ◽  
Madhushri Varunjikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marine Protein

Abstract BackgroundLarge scale Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements of conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii) has been identified as a promising alternative protein for aquaculture feeds, and can be sustainable cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses, contributing to circular economic growth. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon to facilitate the commercial uptake of this alternative protein. Two types of diets were assessed in this study. Firstly, a marine protein base diet where fish meal (FM) was replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a simplified replacement. Secondly, a marine protein and plant protein combination where mixed plant meals (MIX) were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%) to provide a commercial relevant dietary replacement.ResultsThis study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to the growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced a mix of plant meal in a combined protein source diet results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results compared with both the control and 20% inclusion. At the highest inclusion level for the mixed diets potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increased level of bacteria associated with slower growth in other salmonid species.ConclusionsThis study supports the application of torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional protein sources. However, the other components of the diet will need to be considered to determine the optimal inclusion level for this alternative protein. Future research should further optimise the inclusion of torula yeast in salmonid diets and investigate its influence on the functional role of the fish gut microbiome to facilitate improved formulated feed formulations and ensure a sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Adaptability of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gut Microbiota to Alternative Diets Free of Fish Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pérez-Pascual ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Gilbert Dutto ◽  
Charles Rodde ◽  
Jean-François Bernardet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Innovative fish diets made of terrestrial plants supplemented with sustainable protein sources free of fish-derived proteins could contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the farmed fish industry. However, such alternative diets may influence fish gut microbial community, health, and, ultimately, growth performance. Here, we developed five fish feed formulas composed of terrestrial plant-based nutrients, in which fish-derived proteins were substituted with sustainable protein sources, including insect larvae, cyanobacteria, yeast, or recycled processed poultry protein. We then analyzed the growth performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and the evolution of gut microbiota of fish fed the five formulations. We showed that replacement of 15% protein of a vegetal formulation by insect or yeast proteins led to a significantly higher fish growth performance and feed intake when compared with the full vegetal formulation, with feed conversion ratio similar to a commercial diet. 16S rRNA gene sequencing monitoring of the sea bass gut microbial community showed a predominance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla. The partial replacement of protein source in fish diets was not associated with significant differences on gut microbial richness. Overall, our study highlights the adaptability of European sea bass gut microbiota composition to changes in fish diet and identifies promising alternative protein sources for sustainable aquafeeds with terrestrial vegetal complements.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tretola ◽  
Federica Maghin ◽  
Paolo Silacci ◽  
Silvia Ampuero ◽  
Giuseppe Bee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25–60 kg BW) and finisher (60–105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H−/L−) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H− had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L−, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.

The impact of Bacillus subtilis 18 isolated from Tibetan yaks on growth performance and gut microbial community in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoyun Li ◽  
Xiong Jiang ◽  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of dietary protein: lipid ratio on growth performance, fatty acid metabolism, product quality and waste output in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Mock ◽  
David S. Francis ◽  
Matthew K. Jago ◽  
Brett D. Glencross ◽  
Richard P. Smullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Ratio ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydrolyzed Insect Meals in Sea Trout Fingerling (Salmo trutta m. trutta) Diets on Growth Performance, Microbiota and Biochemical Blood Parameters

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Mikołajczak ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Bartosz Kierończyk ◽  
Damian Józefiak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Fish Tank

The present study is the first introduction of hydrolyzed superworm meal in sea trout nutrition. It was conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion in the diet of hydrolyzed insect meals as a partial replacement for fishmeal on growth performance, feed utilization, organosomatic indices, serum biochemical parameters, gut histomorphology, and microbiota composition of sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta). The experiment was performed on 225 sea trout fingerlings distributed into three groups (3 tanks/treatment, 25 fish/tank). The control diet was fishmeal-based. In the experimental groups, 10% of hydrolyzed mealworm (TMD) and superworm (ZMD) meals were included. The protein efficiency ratio was lower in the TMD and ZMD. Higher organosomatic indices and liver lipid contents were found in the group fed ZMD. The ZMD increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase. The Aeromonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. populations decreased in the ZMD. The concentrations of the Carnobacterium spp. decreased in the ZMD and TMD, as did that of the Lactobacillus group in the TMD. In conclusion, insect meals may be an alternative protein source in sea trout nutrition, as they yield satisfying growth performance and have the capability to modulate biochemical blood parameters and microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Maria Detopoulou ◽  
Agathi Ntzouvani ◽  
Filio Petsini ◽  
Labrini Gavriil ◽  
Εlizabeth Fragopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

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