POSITION AND PERFORMANCE OF FARMER COOPERATIVES IN THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN OF THE EU-27

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia HÖHLER ◽  
Rainer KÜHL
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Farmer Cooperatives ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Impact of the EU Biofuels Directive on the EU Food Supply Chain

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tabeau ◽  
Martin Banse ◽  
Geert Woltjer ◽  
Hans Van Meijl
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Introducing of Online Channel and Management Strategy for Green Agri-food Supply Chain based on Pick-Your-Own Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifan Hu ◽  
Qianyun Xu ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Farmer Cooperatives ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Green Food ◽  
Online Channel ◽  
Channel Mode ◽  
Optimal Mode ◽  
Brand Effect

The popularity of e-commerce has impacted traditional retail business. Farmer cooperatives running green agri-food pick-your-own (PYO) farms are facing the choice of whether or not to adopt online channels. PYO operation refers to consumers picking and purchasing the agri-food growing on a farm, and due to it being environmentally-friendly, healthy, and popular, it has been widely adopted by many farm cooperatives. This paper aims to discuss the practicality of introducing online channels to already established PYO farms in the green agri-food supply chain (GASC), who can personally take charge of the online channel or transfer it to one online retailer. Firstly, we constructed the demand functions of green agri-food by putting consumer utility, the freshness of agri-food, and transportation cost into consideration. Secondly, five decision models are built to characterize five operation modes, namely pure PYO mode, self-operated dual-channel mode, decentralized dual-channel mode, centralized dual-channel mode, and contractual cooperation mode. Furthermore, by taking price, demand, and profit with different modes into consideration, we are able to explore the introduction of online channels and green brand construction. Finally, numerical analysis is performed. We found that: (1) introducing an online channel is preferable strategy since the profit of the farmer cooperative in pure PYO mode is always less than the profit of a farmer cooperative in non-self-operated dual-channel modes; (2) the decision of self-operating an online channel is related to the fixed cost of creating a new online channel and the green food brand effect of online channel, and it is the optimal mode in some cases, while the contractual cooperation mode is the optimal mode in the remaining cases; and (3) the green food brand effect of online channels is does not necessarily improve with scale, and the initial freshness has a positive relationship to the profit, demand, and price of farmer cooperatives and online retailers.

scholarly journals Protection of a Weaker Party in Public Interest – Material Scope of the Directive on Unfair Trading Practices in Business-to-Business Relationships in the Agricultural and Food Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Magdalena Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Vertical Relationships ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
The Eu

The article focuses on the scope of the Directive (EU) 2019/633 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain. It discusses recent developments in regulatory approach to unfair trading practices. It analyses steps taken towards uniformity in this area of law within the EU and contemplates whether there is a need for further harmonisation. The article attempts to evaluate the scope of the UTP Directive, focusing mainly on a material scope inherently linked to the notion of “agricultural and food products” and characteristics of unfair trading practices. It also discusses whether Member States should consider widening the national regulations beyond food supply chain so that their scope would cover vertical relationships in every sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Wpływ rozporządzenia UE nr 2017/2393 na prawną organizację rynku mleka i przetworów mlecznych

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Izabela Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article was to answer the question whether and to what extent the amendments to the legal organisation of the milk and milk products market introduced as of 1 January 2018 contribute to improving the lives of milk producers and the development of the market. This refers to certain legal solutions adopted by the EU legislator which aim to strengthen the role of agricultural producers and their organisations in the agri-food supply chain. The amendments to Regulation 1308/2013 have not changed the organisational framework of the market, but addressed basically two issues – the obligation to conclude raw milk delivery contracts and contractual negotiations in this sector. The legal solutions adopted by the legislator are very positive. Written contracts, which are mandatory in many Member States, define and guarantee the producers’ rights and clearly indicate the obligations associated with the production process. In turn, entrusting the role of a negotiator of contract terms to producers’ representatives should be seen as recognition of their significant role in shaping the market in a manner adequate to its needs.

scholarly journals Quality Visibility Improvement with Effort Alignment and Cost-Sharing Policies in a Food Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
Qin Su
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Pareto Improvement ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Decentralized Supply Chain ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Improving quality visibility along a food supply chain has been considered as a critical driver of quality risk mitigation, safety and security assurance, and performance sustainability. This paper explores the coordination mechanisms in a food supply chain, where the demand and costs are sensitive to the supply chain quality visibility that depends on an upstream supplier and a downstream retailer jointly, and the effort to improve quality visibility is increasingly expensive. After comparing the centralized and decentralized supply chain models to discover an opportunity for Pareto improvement, it is proved that a pure revenue-sharing contract fails to coordinate the supply chain, while the price discount contract with effort alignment policy or effort cost-sharing policy works. The two coordinating contracts’ boundary conditions of excluding deviated actions are presented. It is shown that the contract with effort alignment policy is cheaper but more rigid, whereas the cost-sharing one allows us to arbitrarily allocate the supply chain’s profits despite more information being collected. The models are applied to a fresh chicken supply chain in order to verify their effectiveness and robustness in reality. The impacts of several specific parameters on supply chain decisions and performances are analyzed, and the results reveal some meaningful managerial implications regarding supply chain quality visibility.

scholarly journals Regulating Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Agri-food Supply Chain: a Case of Counterproductive Regulation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 7-53
Author(s):  
Victoria Daskalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
National Level ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fair Trading ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
The Eu

Unfair trading practices (UTPs) imposed by parties with superior power in the context of a vertical relationship are an issue at the periphery of competition law, private law, and, sometimes, sectoral regulation. For a long time, the mainstream competition law approach has been to relegate such issues to other areas of law and regulation. In the EU, where complaints about the prevalence of such practices in the agricultural and food supply chain have been voiced for decades, the approach of the European Commission has been to pursue a strict separation between competition issues and fair-trading issues. This article questions the reasonableness of such a strict division of labour. Taking the sum of various initiatives undertaken to regulate UTPs in the agri-food supply chain as a case study, it argues that the effect of limiting competition law enforcement on this issue has been counterproductive. The article firstly explains the background of the problem and the issue of UTPs in the agri-food supply chain. Secondly, it maps the various legislative developments which have taken place at the EU Member State level. Thirdly, by referring to Grabosky’s (1995) regulatory studies typology of counterproductive regulation, the article focuses attention on some of the perverse side effects which arise when regulation of power imbalances and UTPs occurs at the national level in the context of an integrated market like the EU. In light of the analysis, it expresses doubt that these pitfalls will be fully corrected by Directive 2019/633 on UTPs in the food supply chain. The conclusion is that national legislative developments have not been able to make up for the lack of supra-national enforcement of EU competition law on this issue and have possibly even exacerbated the problem at hand. The article concludes that supranational competition law enforcement can play a key role in addressing the fundamental problems underlying business-to-business unfair trading practices. It argues that this role cannot be played by other instruments in the context of an integrated market with multi-level governance. This article shows that while competition law may not be capable of solving all the problems with UTPs, it remains indispensable in safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market as well as the interests of consumers and taxpayers.

scholarly journals Economics of fairness within the food supply chain in context of the EU

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Petr Blizkovsky ◽  
Vincent Berendes
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Eu

The paper broaches the issue of unfair trading practices (UTPs) at the expense of, economically spoken, weaker actors among the food supply chain in context of the EU. For illustrating the concept of UTPs and delivering a theoretical basis for scrutinizing the term of fairness in respective trading practices the paper suggests the three variables 1) bargaining power, 2) market power/anti competitive practices and 3) unequal gain distribution. Subsequently the article presents selected national food-specific legislative based reactions towards UTPs evolved in context of the three variables. Ultimately the paper presents a qualitatively generated hypothesis which presumes that legislative food-specific measurements focussing on protecting suppliers lead to a beneficial monetary share for farmers, by means of influencing the producer price to a monetarily advantageous extent. The hypothesis was generated unprejudiced in the run-up to the paper. The research design which led to the hypothesis mentioned will be presented.

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