scholarly journals Economics of fairness within the food supply chain in context of the EU

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Petr Blizkovsky ◽  
Vincent Berendes
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Eu

The paper broaches the issue of unfair trading practices (UTPs) at the expense of, economically spoken, weaker actors among the food supply chain in context of the EU. For illustrating the concept of UTPs and delivering a theoretical basis for scrutinizing the term of fairness in respective trading practices the paper suggests the three variables 1) bargaining power, 2) market power/anti competitive practices and 3) unequal gain distribution. Subsequently the article presents selected national food-specific legislative based reactions towards UTPs evolved in context of the three variables. Ultimately the paper presents a qualitatively generated hypothesis which presumes that legislative food-specific measurements focussing on protecting suppliers lead to a beneficial monetary share for farmers, by means of influencing the producer price to a monetarily advantageous extent. The hypothesis was generated unprejudiced in the run-up to the paper. The research design which led to the hypothesis mentioned will be presented.

scholarly journals MARKET POWER AND BARGAINING POWER IN THE EU FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN: THE ROLE OF PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS

New Medit ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol XVII (4) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sorrentino ◽  
◽  
Carlo Russo ◽  
Luca Cacchiarelli ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Unfair practices and illicit conduct in food supply chains in Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Jože Podgoršek
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Mutual Relations

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The food supply chain in Slovenia is highly developed, but it involves unequally developed stakeholders with different bargaining power. Upon reviewing all stakeholders through participatory research, it is made clear that in the whole food supply chain, retail chains generally have the greatest and primary producers the smallest bargaining power. For this reason, in the process of regulating mutual relations in contractual commitments and mutual operations, unfair practices and illicit conduct often emerge, through which the parties with significant market power impose additional discounts, rebates and other contributions on the parties with smaller market power in order to improve their own financial management. Unfair practices and illicit conduct lead to the weakening of the entire food supply chain, so it is important to recognise such tendencies in the food chain. In this article, the autor would like to draw attention to the illicit conduct and unfair practices in Slovenia which are used by retail chains in their interpersonal relationships and their dealings with suppliers.</span></p>

scholarly journals Impact of the EU Biofuels Directive on the EU Food Supply Chain

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tabeau ◽  
Martin Banse ◽  
Geert Woltjer ◽  
Hans Van Meijl
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Protection of a Weaker Party in Public Interest – Material Scope of the Directive on Unfair Trading Practices in Business-to-Business Relationships in the Agricultural and Food Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Magdalena Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Vertical Relationships ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
The Eu

The article focuses on the scope of the Directive (EU) 2019/633 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on unfair trading practices in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain. It discusses recent developments in regulatory approach to unfair trading practices. It analyses steps taken towards uniformity in this area of law within the EU and contemplates whether there is a need for further harmonisation. The article attempts to evaluate the scope of the UTP Directive, focusing mainly on a material scope inherently linked to the notion of “agricultural and food products” and characteristics of unfair trading practices. It also discusses whether Member States should consider widening the national regulations beyond food supply chain so that their scope would cover vertical relationships in every sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Wpływ rozporządzenia UE nr 2017/2393 na prawną organizację rynku mleka i przetworów mlecznych

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Izabela Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article was to answer the question whether and to what extent the amendments to the legal organisation of the milk and milk products market introduced as of 1 January 2018 contribute to improving the lives of milk producers and the development of the market. This refers to certain legal solutions adopted by the EU legislator which aim to strengthen the role of agricultural producers and their organisations in the agri-food supply chain. The amendments to Regulation 1308/2013 have not changed the organisational framework of the market, but addressed basically two issues – the obligation to conclude raw milk delivery contracts and contractual negotiations in this sector. The legal solutions adopted by the legislator are very positive. Written contracts, which are mandatory in many Member States, define and guarantee the producers’ rights and clearly indicate the obligations associated with the production process. In turn, entrusting the role of a negotiator of contract terms to producers’ representatives should be seen as recognition of their significant role in shaping the market in a manner adequate to its needs.

scholarly journals Marże marketingowe i wartości dodane w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (4) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Justyna Góral ◽  
Włodzimierz Rembisz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Marketing Margins

The issue of agricultural producer participation in the final food price is of interest to scientists and politicians. The European Commission (2014, 2016) commissioned the preparation of expertise in this area, as a result of which actions were taken to strengthen the agricultural sector. In Poland, for example, the promotion of direct sales has been intensified. These activities are aimed at shortening the food supply chain and improving the market power of agricultural producers. Market power means the ability of an enterprise to increase the price of its own product without reducing the level of sales to competitors. The aim of the research was to indicate trends in the area of marketing margins and added value in the food supply chain. This measurement served the search for the answer - which product groups have the highest level of added value and the greatest ability to improve the income of agricultural producers? The estimation of the value added illustrates - where does the "food zloty" of the final consumer go?

scholarly journals Regulating Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Agri-food Supply Chain: a Case of Counterproductive Regulation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 7-53
Author(s):  
Victoria Daskalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
National Level ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
State Level ◽  
Fair Trading ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
The Eu

Unfair trading practices (UTPs) imposed by parties with superior power in the context of a vertical relationship are an issue at the periphery of competition law, private law, and, sometimes, sectoral regulation. For a long time, the mainstream competition law approach has been to relegate such issues to other areas of law and regulation. In the EU, where complaints about the prevalence of such practices in the agricultural and food supply chain have been voiced for decades, the approach of the European Commission has been to pursue a strict separation between competition issues and fair-trading issues. This article questions the reasonableness of such a strict division of labour. Taking the sum of various initiatives undertaken to regulate UTPs in the agri-food supply chain as a case study, it argues that the effect of limiting competition law enforcement on this issue has been counterproductive. The article firstly explains the background of the problem and the issue of UTPs in the agri-food supply chain. Secondly, it maps the various legislative developments which have taken place at the EU Member State level. Thirdly, by referring to Grabosky’s (1995) regulatory studies typology of counterproductive regulation, the article focuses attention on some of the perverse side effects which arise when regulation of power imbalances and UTPs occurs at the national level in the context of an integrated market like the EU. In light of the analysis, it expresses doubt that these pitfalls will be fully corrected by Directive 2019/633 on UTPs in the food supply chain. The conclusion is that national legislative developments have not been able to make up for the lack of supra-national enforcement of EU competition law on this issue and have possibly even exacerbated the problem at hand. The article concludes that supranational competition law enforcement can play a key role in addressing the fundamental problems underlying business-to-business unfair trading practices. It argues that this role cannot be played by other instruments in the context of an integrated market with multi-level governance. This article shows that while competition law may not be capable of solving all the problems with UTPs, it remains indispensable in safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market as well as the interests of consumers and taxpayers.

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