Insulin resistance: Relationship between indices during late gestation in dairy cows and effects on newborn metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544-1555
Author(s):  
Rui Hasegawa ◽  
Izumi Iwase ◽  
Tomohiro Takagi ◽  
Moeri Kondo ◽  
Motozumi Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Late Gestation

scholarly journals Relationship between the degree of insulin resistance during late gestation and postpartum performance in dairy cows and factors that affect growth and metabolic status of their calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiho KAWASHIMA ◽  
Megumi MUNAKATA ◽  
Takashi SHIMIZU ◽  
Akio MIYAMOTO ◽  
Katsuya KIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Postpartum Performance

scholarly journals Programming of growth, insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in offspring of late gestation diabetic rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Segar ◽  
Andrew W. Norris ◽  
Jian-Rong Yao ◽  
Shanming Hu ◽  
Stacia L. Koppenhafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ODM (offspring of diabetic mothers) have an increased risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction; however, few studies have focused on the susceptibility to disease in offspring of mothers developing diabetes during pregnancy. We developed an animal model of late gestation diabetic pregnancy and characterized metabolic and vascular function in the offspring. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneally) in pregnant rats on gestational day 13 and was partially controlled by twice-daily injections of insulin. At 2 months of age, ODM had slightly better glucose tolerance than controls (P<0.05); however, by 6 months of age this trend had reversed. A euglycaemic–hyperinsulinamic clamp revealed insulin resistance in male ODM (P<0.05). In 6–8-month-old female ODM, aortas had significantly enhanced contractility in response to KCl, ET-1 (endothelin-1) and NA (noradrenaline). No differences in responses to ET-1 and NA were apparent with co-administration of L-NNA (NG-nitro-L-arginine). Relaxation in response to ACh (acetylcholine), but not SNP (sodium nitroprusside), was significantly impaired in female ODM. In contrast, males had no between-group differences in response to vasoconstrictors, whereas relaxation to SNP and ACh was greater in ODM compared with control animals. Thus the development of diabetes during pregnancy programmes gender-specific insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in adult offspring.

Effect of different diet supplements in the pre- and post-partum period on reproductive performance in the dairy cow

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Gardner ◽  
C. K. Reynolds ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
A.K. Jones ◽  
D.E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ration Group ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe study compared the impact of feeding different energy supplements (barley, molassed sugar beet and fat) prior to calving and the effects of feeding supplemental fat post-partum, on subsequent production and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of two groups, six weeks prior to expected calving date and fed a grass based total mixed ration according to ME requirements for late gestation. Group 1 was supplemented with barley (B) or molassed sugar beet feed (SB) prior to calving and was then given a high starch lactation ration. Group 2 was supplemented with either fat (F) or no supplement (C) pre partum, and was then given a similar lactation ration as Group 1 but supplemented with fat. Lactation rations were fed through to week-20 post partum and the cows were monitored during this period. Milk yield (P<0.002) and milkfat (P<0.02) production were higher and milk protein concentration (P<0.001) was lower in Group 2. The number of days to first rise in progesterone following parturition was greater (P<0.01) in Group 2. Due to the design of the study, effects of prepartum supplementation were only evaluated within each lactation ration group. Conception rate to first service was higher (P<0.001) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and higher (P<0.02) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Services per conception were lower (P=0.06) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and lower (P<0.05) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Overall pregnancy rates and days open were not significantly different between the groups. The data shows that pre-partum nutrition had an important role in determining subsequent fertility. Despite having negative effects early post partum, supplementing with fat did not affect overall reproductive performance but it did improve milk production.

Effects of late-gestation heat stress independent of reduced feed intake on colostrum, metabolism at calving, and milk yield in early lactation of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.M. Seyed Almoosavi ◽  
T. Ghoorchi ◽  
A.A. Naserian ◽  
H. Khanaki ◽  
J.K. Drackley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Lactation

The comparative effects of dietary monensin and propylene glycol on insulin resistance of transition dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Chalmeh ◽  
Mehrdad Pourjafar ◽  
Khalil Badiei ◽  
Mohammad Jalali ◽  
Mohammad Mazrouei Sebdani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows
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