Globalization, political institutions, and social spending on human capital upgrading in ASEAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponlapat Buracom
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Spending

scholarly journals Replicating Silicon Valley? Law and Human Capital in the Making of China's Tech Startups

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Li-Wen LIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Innovation Economy

Abstract The rise of China's tech companies in the global economy raises an urgent need to understand how China incubates its tech startups. China's tech startup ecosystem presents two puzzling legal arrangements for human capital in light of Silicon Valley's experience, the co-existence of enforceable non-compete agreements and the high-velocity labour market, and the common use of stock options with a buyback norm. This article delves into the peculiarities of China's legal and political institutions to resolve these legal puzzles. This article also speaks to a global policy debate about the replicability of Silicon Valley and the necessity of such replication. The Chinese experience offers opposite examples showing the replication complexity: replication yet with deformed practices, and non-replication yet with similar outcomes. The findings suggest that there is unlikely to be a one-size-fits-all model for creating an innovation economy.

scholarly journals Acemoglu Meets Lucas: Institutions, Human Capital and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Suzana Quinet de Andrade Bastos ◽  
Fabio Gama ◽  
Tiana De Paula Assis
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Accumulation Function ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Endogenous Process

This paper proposes a reinterpretation of Lucas endogenous growth model (1988), once we add an institutional component as one of its determinants. Firstly, the paper develops a theoretical model that links human capital and institutions. Our modelling strategy establishes the human capital accumulation function as being derived from an endogenous process in which the institutional performance is a booster for the economy’s growth. The essay uses a 40–country panel data of the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 and implements a Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) analysis – alongside instrumental variables (IV) – aiming to validate empirically the model proposed. We verify that Lucas’ model overestimates the human capital contribution as we evaluate the significant impact that economic and political institutions have on the capability of human capital foment growth. Additionally, our estimations also suggest that human capital is, effectively, institutionally driven and works as a channel for the institutions.

Religion and the Spread of Human Capital and Political Institutions

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Woodberry
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Capital Development

Although often ignored, religion has profoundly shaped political and economic conditions around the world. This claim is suggested by three historical divergences: a divergence between Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim regions of Europe (these differences emerged after the Reformation and began to dissipate only after World War II); a divergence between Protestant and Catholic settler colonies in Oceania and the Americas; and a divergence between the impacts of Protestant and Catholic missionaries on societies throughout the global South prior to Vatican II (which ended in 1965). This article discusses religion and the spread of human capital and political institutions, focusing on Christian missions as a quasi-natural experiment. It argues that both in Europe and in the global South, Protestants shaped human capital development (mass education and mass printing) and institutional development (civil society, colonial rule of law, and market economics)—especially prior to the 1960s. Together, these shaped elites' incentives and thus long-term prospects for economic development and political democracy.

Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the Mdgs

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Baldacci ◽  
Benedict Clements ◽  
Sanjeev Gupta ◽  
Qiang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Spending

Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the Mdgs

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (217) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Baldacci ◽  
Qiang Cui ◽  
Benedict J. Clements ◽  
Sanjeev Gupta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Spending

Infrastructure, Commodity Spectra, and Trade Transitions in Economic Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850166
Author(s):  
Roger J. Bowden ◽  
Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Capital Services ◽  
Manufactured Exports

Infrastructure growth and its regional concentration can accelerate growth and diversification of international trade, in terms of both commodities and the implied factor content. The origins and mechanism are explored via a model of endogenous growth that internalizes social spending on physical infrastructure, leading to the accumulation of human capital as a result of learning by doing. Infrastructure developed in the first instance to enhance and diversify manufactured exports can create a supply push into the export of human capital services. As a leading case study, China's recent free trade agreements show clear signs of a development strategy shifting orientation towards the export of services, such as those relating to infrastructure construction and tourism, and the financial services required in support.

Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Baldacci ◽  
Benedict Clements ◽  
Sanjeev Gupta ◽  
Qiang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Spending

scholarly journals The Constitution, Human Rights, Human Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Darya I. Artemova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social State ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Human Capital Index

The article deals with the basic characteristics of human capital. Its influence on modern legal and political institutions is stated. The general parameters of the human capital index used by various international organizations are given. The connection between the theory of human capital and the principles of implementing the concept of a social state is shown.

scholarly journals Saudi Arabia’s Economic Competitiveness in the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-167
Author(s):  
T. V. Naumenko ◽  
K. V. Timakhov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
Index Table

Saudi Arabia is one of the key economic players in the Middle East with a number of competitive advantages. The article analyzes these advantages as well as disadvantages and identifies measures to improve the competitive potential of Saudi Arabia. Methodologically it employs the Porter’s «diamond model». Cultural, historical and socio-political trends in Saudi Arabia increase the complexity of reforming the economy and increasing its competitiveness. The current reforms are insufficient to improve the quality of human capital. Existing economic and political institutions need to be reformed. There is an obvious problem of low women’s employment. Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia occupies only the 4th place on the regional competitive index table, authors see ways to strengthen this indicator of the Kingdom’s economy. The most decisive factor in this regard as argued by the authors is the elimination of state institutional problems which are chiefly responsible for low competitiveness of the economy.

From domestic to international justice: the welfare state and foreign aid

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Noël ◽  
Jean-Philippe Thérien
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Donor Behavior ◽  
Domestic Spending ◽  
The Welfare State

Foreign aid often is interpreted as an international projection of domestic income redistribution mechanisms, and many authors suggest that differences between welfare states account for variations in donor behavior. A new understanding of the welfare state can improve traditional explanations of this linkage. Existing studies of the welfare–aid relationship use two welfare state indicators: domestic spending and partisan politics. We propose a third type of indicator—the institutional attributes of the welfare state—and demonstrate its relevance. The level of foreign aid provided by a country varies with social spending, but even more so with the degree to which its welfare state embodies socialist attributes. This finding helps explain how domestic political institutions influence the evolution of international cooperation and, specifically, how welfare principles institutionalized at the domestic level shape the participation of developed countries in the international aid regime.

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