Diagnosis of bipolar disorders and body mass index predict clustering based on similarities in cortical thickness – ENIGMA study in 2 436 individuals

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

Download Full-text

Links between sleep and body mass index in bipolar disorders: An exploratory study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.04.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. Boudebesse ◽

P.-A. Geoffroy ◽

C. Henry ◽

A. Germain ◽

J. Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Sleep Onset Latency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sleep Parameters

AbstractStudy objectives:Obesity and excess bodyweight are highly prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) and are associated with adverse consequences. Multiple factors may explain increased bodyweight in BD including side effects of psychotropic medications, and reduced physical activity. Research in the general population demonstrates that sleep disturbances may also contribute to metabolic burden. We present a cross-sectional study of the associations between body mass index (BMI) and sleep parameters in patients with BD as compared with healthy controls (HC).Methods:Twenty-six French outpatients with remitted BD and 29 HC with a similar BMI completed a 21-day study of sleep parameters using objective (actigraphy) and subjective (PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) assessments.Results:In BD cases, but not in HC, higher BMI was significantly correlated with lower sleep efficiency (P = 0.009) and with several other sleep parameters: shorter total sleep time (P = 0.01), longer sleep onset latency (P = 0.05), higher fragmentation index (P = 0.008), higher inter-day variability (P = 0.05) and higher PSQI total score (P = 0.004).Conclusions:The findings suggest a link between a high BMI and several sleep disturbances in BD, including lower sleep efficiency. Physiological mechanisms in BD cases may include an exaggeration of phenomena observed in non-clinical populations. However, larger scale studies are required to clarify the links between metabolic and sleep-wake cycle disturbances in BD.

Download Full-text

Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence

10.1101/698696 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

X. Prats-Soteras ◽

M.A. Jurado ◽

J. Ottino-González ◽

I. García-García ◽

B. Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Fusiform Gyrus ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Tnf Α ◽

The Right

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesExcessive body mass index (BMI) has been linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation state. Unhealthy BMI has also been related to neuroanatomical changes in adults. However, research in adolescents is relatively limited and has produced conflicting results. This study aims to address the relationship between BMI and adolescents’ brain structure as well as to test the role that inflammatory adipose-related agents might have over this putative link.MethodsWe studied structural MRI and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in 65 adolescents (aged 12-21 years). Relationships between BMI, cortical thickness and surface area were tested with a vertex-wise analysis. Subsequently, we used backward multiple linear regression models to explore the influence of inflammatory parameters in each brain-altered area.ResultsWe found a negative association between cortical thickness and BMI in the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), the left fusiform gyrus and the right precentral gyrus as well as a positive relationship between surface area and BMI in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus. In addition, we found that higher fibrinogen serum concentrations were related to thinning within the left LOC (β = −0.45, p < 0.001) and the left fusiform gyrus (β = - 0.33, p = 0.035), while higher serum levels of TNF-α were associated to a greater surface area in the right superior frontal gyrus (β = 0.32, p = 0.045).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents’ body mass increases are related with brain abnormalities in areas that could play a relevant role in some aspects of feeding behavior. Likewise, we have evidenced that these cortical changes were partially driven by inflammatory agents such as fibrinogen and TNF-α.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound Assessment of Kidney Sizes in Different Age Groups without Renal Disease

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Nazma Nazma ◽

Palakurthy Hariprasad

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Renal Volume ◽

Study Results ◽

The Subject ◽

Renal Size ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND Ultrasound imaging is a lightweight, effective, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging tool. It helps to diagnose and treat many renal disorders, as it is known that renal size is closely related to its function. Study was carried out among individuals who do not have renal disease to investigate the normal parameters of the renal size and cortical thickness by ultrasound and determine the normal curves for these parameters that can be compared with those of patients with renal disease. METHODS This was a prospective observational study carried out in the departments of nephrology and radiology. A total of 500 balanced normotensive, male and female volunteers, between the ages of 18 and 80 years, were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Body mass index, left length, left breadth, right cortical thickness, left cortical thickness and body surface area is statistically significant with respect to gender. There is a difference between the right length, breadth, and left breadth that is not statistically significant with respect to gender. Body mass index is negatively correlated with the right breadth and left cortical thickness. The right length is positively correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is negatively correlated with the right breadth, left breadth, and left cortical thickness. Right breadth is positively and significantly correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is correlates negatively with the right length and left cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that when the height and weight of the subject were correlated with renal volume and length in both sexes, there was an important positive relationship. This association between renal volume and the height and weight of the subject was relatively stronger. KEYWORDS Renal Disease, Ultrasound, Renal Length, Cortical Thickness

Download Full-text

The relationship between cortical thickness and body mass index differs between women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging ◽

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Luca Lavagnino ◽

Federico Amianto ◽

Benson Mwangi ◽

Federico D’Agata ◽

Angela Spalatro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Association between body mass index and cortical thickness: among elderly cognitively normal men and women

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214001744 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hojeong Kim ◽

Changsoo Kim ◽

Sang Won Seo ◽

Duk L. Na ◽

Hee Jin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Additive Models ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Mild Obesity ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:There is increasing evidence of a relationship between underweight or obesity and dementia risk. Several studies have investigated the relationship between body weight and brain atrophy, a pathological change preceding dementia, but their results are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cortical atrophy among cognitively normal participants.Methods:We recruited cognitively normal participants (n = 1,111) who underwent medical checkups and detailed neurologic screening, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the health screening visits between September 2008 and December 2011. The main outcome was cortical thickness measured using MRI. The number of subjects with five BMI groups in men/women was 9/9, 148/258, 185/128, 149/111, and 64/50 in underweight, normal, overweight, mild obesity, and moderate to severe obesity, respectively. Linear and non-linear relationships between BMI and cortical thickness were examined using multiple linear regression analysis and generalized additive models after adjustment for potential confounders.Results:Among men, underweight participants showed significant cortical thinning in the frontal and temporal regions compared to normal weight participants, while overweight and mildly obese participants had greater cortical thicknesses in the frontal region and the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions, respectively. However, cortical thickness in each brain region was not significantly different in normal weight and moderate to severe obesity groups. Among women, the association between BMI and cortical thickness was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that underweight might be an important risk factor for pathological changes in the brain, while overweight or mild obesity may be inversely associated with cortical atrophy in cognitively normal elderly males.

Download Full-text

MO181ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY SIZE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS WITHOUT RENAL DISEASE

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab092.0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nazma Mohammed ◽

Muzamil Latief ◽

Manzoor Parry ◽

Manjusha Yadla

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Kidney Size ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Kidney Length ◽

Study Population ◽

Renal Length

Abstract Background and Aims Renal length as well as renal cortical thickness has been closely related to creatinine clearance in patients with chronic kidney disease. Our primary aim was to establish a normal range of values for kidney length in our adult population with normal renal function. Method This was a prospective observational study. Ultrasonographic assessment of renal parameters in 499 healthy volunteers between 18 to 80 years of age was done. Volunteers with any known renal condition or any co-morbidity were excluded from the study population. Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and renal parameters was assessed. Results Out of 499 volunteers 327 (65%) were males and 172(35%) were females. 17.8% volunteers were less than 30 years of age, 51.5% volunteers were in the age group of 30-60 years and 30.7 % were above 60 years of age. Mean BMI in males was 25.20 ± 3.96 kg/m2 whereas mean BMI in females was 24.08 ± 3.28 kg/m2. In males the mean cortical thickness in right kidney was 13.68+/- 2.47 mm and in left kidney cortical thickness was 13.94 ± 2.6 mm. In females right kidney cortical thickness was 12.63 ± 1.91 mm and left kidney cortical thickness was 13.40 ± 2.37 mm. In the present study the right mean renal length was 9.9 ± 40cm and left renal length was 10.19 ± 0.97cm. In our study, there was positive correlation BMI with renal length. Conclusion Size of kidney has significant ethnic and geographic basis and there is a positive correlation between BMI and kidney size in our study population.

Download Full-text

Association Between Cortical Thickness and Childhood Body Mass Index: Role of Race and Income

International Journal of Health and Life Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijhls.109747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Shervin Assari

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Low Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ses Differences

Background: There is mixed literature on the association between cerebral cortex morphometry and body mass index (BMI), with only some but not all studies documenting an inverse association between cortical thickness (CT) and BMI. As the association between CT and BMI is inconsistent in the literature, we propose that racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences may exist in this regard. Objectives: We borrowed the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in CT and childhood BMI associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,185 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression was used to analyze the data. The independent variable was CT measured using structural MRI. The dependent variable was BMI treated as a continuous variable. Covariates included ethnicity, sex, age, family structure, parental education, and intracranial volume. Race (White, Black, Asian, and Other/mixed) and household income levels (< 50 k, 50 - 100 k, and 100 + k) were the effect modifiers. Results: High CT was predictive of lower BMI (b for main effect of CT on BMI = -3.134; P < 0.001). However, the inverse association between CT and BMI was stronger in Black than White (b for interaction between race and CT = -2.39; P = 0.01255), and low-income than high-income children (b for interaction between income 50 - 100 k = 1.86; P = 0.02906; for interaction between income 100 + k b = 3.77; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although high CT is associated with lower BMI in children, this association varies across racial and SES groups. More research is needed on obesogenic environments’ role in altering the salience of cerebral cortex morphometry as a risk factor for high BMI.

Download Full-text