scholarly journals Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. McWhinney ◽  
◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Francesco Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles  and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

Increased Posterior Hippocampal Volumes in Children with Lower Increase in Body Mass Index: A 3-Year Longitudinal MRI Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Hashimoto ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Susumu Yokota ◽  
Hiroshi Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Positive Effects

People are generally lean during childhood and show more variability in body sizes and shapes later in life. Cortical development generally correlates with body growth. However, in children cortical growth may be impaired with oversized body growth. Inverse correlations between body mass index (BMI) and brain volumes suggest that lean bodies may be associated with increased cortical volume. To clarify the positive effects of a lean body on a child's cortical development, we used MRI to measure brain structures longitudinally in 107 children and adolescents aged 5-16 years. The relationships between changes in BMI and cortical volumes during 3 years of development were investigated, while controlling for age, gender and intracranial volume changes. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that an increase in the volume of the right posterior medial temporal lobe - including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus - was associated with lower BMI increases. No correlations were observed between higher BMI increases and cortical volumes. Our results suggest that keeping a lean body - or not getting fat - during childhood can induce an increase in regional cortical volume rather than impair growth. This is the first longitudinal study showing positive effects of a lean body on cortical development in children.

Abstract P191: Association Between Blood Pressure And Brain Volumes Vary By Sex And Age.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawlah Alateeq ◽  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Walter Abhayaratna ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes

Objective: To quantify the association between blood pressure (BP) across its full range and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) while investigating the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antihypertensive medication, and other risk factors. Methods: UK Biobank participants ( N =36,260) aged 40 to 70 years were included and stratified by sex and age into four groups (age ≤ 45, 46-55, 56-65 and > 65 years old). Multi-level regression analyses were used to assess the association between mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and brain volumes segmented using the FreeSufer software (gray matter [GMV], white matter [WMV], left [L] and right hippocampal volume [RHCV]) and WMLs. We also investigated the interaction effects between body mass index (BMI) and antihypertensive medication and BP in predicting brain volumes and WMLs. Results: Every 10-mmHg higher DBP was associated with lower brain volumes (GMV: -1300– -2800) [SE=34–90]; WMV: -903.44– -1171.7[SE=34.66–53.03]; LHCV: -7.7– -14.26 [SE=0.44–0.57]; RHCV: -6.25– -22.64[SE=0.32–0.95]) across all age groups. A similar pattern was detected in both sexes, although it was weaker, in men. Also, every 10-mmHg higher MAP was associated with larger WMLs across all age groups but peaked > 65 years (0.1 [SE=0.002]). Both lower BMI and anti-hypertensive medication appeared to afford a protective effect. Conclusion: Higher BP is associated with worse cerebral health across the full BP range from middle adulthood and across the life course. Therefore, it is important that prevention efforts be directed at younger adults with focus on achieving optimal BP to decrease future risk of developing dementia.

Links between sleep and body mass index in bipolar disorders: An exploratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boudebesse ◽  
P.-A. Geoffroy ◽  
C. Henry ◽  
A. Germain ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Parameters

AbstractStudy objectives:Obesity and excess bodyweight are highly prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) and are associated with adverse consequences. Multiple factors may explain increased bodyweight in BD including side effects of psychotropic medications, and reduced physical activity. Research in the general population demonstrates that sleep disturbances may also contribute to metabolic burden. We present a cross-sectional study of the associations between body mass index (BMI) and sleep parameters in patients with BD as compared with healthy controls (HC).Methods:Twenty-six French outpatients with remitted BD and 29 HC with a similar BMI completed a 21-day study of sleep parameters using objective (actigraphy) and subjective (PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) assessments.Results:In BD cases, but not in HC, higher BMI was significantly correlated with lower sleep efficiency (P = 0.009) and with several other sleep parameters: shorter total sleep time (P = 0.01), longer sleep onset latency (P = 0.05), higher fragmentation index (P = 0.008), higher inter-day variability (P = 0.05) and higher PSQI total score (P = 0.004).Conclusions:The findings suggest a link between a high BMI and several sleep disturbances in BD, including lower sleep efficiency. Physiological mechanisms in BD cases may include an exaggeration of phenomena observed in non-clinical populations. However, larger scale studies are required to clarify the links between metabolic and sleep-wake cycle disturbances in BD.

scholarly journals Ethnic group differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors independent of body mass index among American youth

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Messiah ◽  
Kristopher L. Arheart ◽  
Gabriela Lopez-Mitnik ◽  
Steven E. Lipshultz ◽  
Tracie L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

scholarly journals Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Haukvik ◽  
T. McNeil ◽  
E. H. Lange ◽  
I. Melle ◽  
A. M. Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perinatal Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

BackgroundPre- and perinatal adversities may increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hypoxia-related obstetric complications (OCs) are associated with brain anatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their association with brain anatomy variation in bipolar disorder is unknown.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging brain scans, clinical examinations and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were obtained for 219 adults, including 79 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder (age 29.4 years,s.d. = 11.8 years, 39% male) and 140 healthy controls (age 30.8 years,s.d. = 12.0 years, 53% male). Severe hypoxia-related OCs throughout pregnancy/birth and perinatal asphyxia were each studied in relation toa prioriselected brain volumes (hippocampus, lateral ventricles and amygdala, obtained with FreeSurfer), using linear regression models covarying for age, sex, medication use and intracranial volume. Multiple comparison adjustment was applied.ResultsPerinatal asphyxia was associated with smaller left amygdala volume (t = −2.59,p = 0.012) in bipolar disorder patients, but not in healthy controls. Patients with psychotic bipolar disorder showed distinct associations between perinatal asphyxia and smaller left amygdala volume (t = −2.69,p = 0.010), whereas patients with non-psychotic bipolar disorder showed smaller right hippocampal volumes related to both perinatal asphyxia (t = −2.60,p = 0.015) and severe OCs (t = −3.25,p = 0.003). No associations between asphyxia or severe OCs and the lateral ventricles were found.ConclusionsPre- and perinatal hypoxia-related OCs are related to brain morphometry in bipolar disorder in adulthood, with specific patterns in patients with psychoticversusnon-psychotic illness.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anxiety on Regional Brain Volumes in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
Shanna Burke ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Adrienne Grudzien ◽  
Christopher Barnes ◽  
Kevin Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain

Abstract Anxiety has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in anxious compared to healthy samples, but results have been variable and somewhat inconsistent. We sought to determine the effect of anxiety on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status using data from a large, national dataset. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of anxiety (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Anxiety was associated with lower total brain and total cortical gray matter volumes and increased lateral ventricular volume (p<.05). Lower mean volumes were also observed in all hippocampal, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe volumes among participants who reported anxiety. Conversely, greater ventricular volumes were also correlated with anxiety. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions and ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. Anxiety-related changes to brain morphology may contribute to greater AD risk.

scholarly journals 937. Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in People with HIV under 40 Years in Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S502-S502
Author(s):  
Hugo E Marroquín ◽  
Dean Ortiz ◽  
Lindsey Larson ◽  
Katherine Franco ◽  
Andrej Spec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Hdl

Abstract Background HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lead to metabolic abnormalities associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, some of these abnormalities (central obesity, elevated fasting glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure and low HDL cholesterol) are in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The prevalence of MetS increases with age. Currently, the status of MetS in people with HIV (PWH) Guatemala is unknown. We assessed the prevalence of MetS and potential predictors in PWH participating in prospective cohort study at Hospital Roosevelt in Guatemala City. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of PWH under 40 years old receiving ART for at least 6 months from July 2019 to March 2020. The harmonized criteria for MetS and the cut-off for waist circumference recommended by the Latin American Diabetes Association were used. Association between MetS and gender, place of residency, ethnicity, educational level, baseline and current CD4 count, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, viral load, body mass index (BMI) and ART exposure was assessed in bivariate analysis. Potential predictors (p-value < 0.1) were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. Results Of total cohort of 757 participants enrolled390 (51.5%) were younger than 40 years. Of those under < 40 years, 150 (38.5%) were women, 59 (15.1%) Mayan, median age was 32 years (IQR 27, 37). 93 (23.8%) had MetS. Between group differences in Table 1. Of those with Met, 51 (54.8%) had elevated waist circumference, 87 (93.5%) elevated triglycerides, 83 (89.2%) low HDL-c, 56 (60.2%) elevated blood pressure and 35 (37.6%) elevated fasting glucose. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 or higher and 2 years or more of cumulative non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors (NNRTI) where more common in those < 40 years with MetS compared to those without MetS. On multivariable regression, MetS was associated with current CD4 count < 200 (OR 3.1; IC 1.51, 6.34; p-value < 0.01) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR; 6.53; IC 3.64, 11.73; p-value < 0.01). Table1. Between group differences (No MetS vs MetS) Conclusion Nearly one in every four PWH under 40 years old in our cohort was affected by MetS. Dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and low HDL-c) was the main driver of MetS. Lower CD4 count and overweight were predictors for MetS in PWH under 40. Disclosures Andrej Spec, MD, MSCI, Astellas (Grant/Research Support)Mayne (Consultant)Scynexis (Consultant)

scholarly journals Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Anterolateral Thigh Flap Thickness: A Retrospective Study From a Single Center in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Yin ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Gongxin Yang ◽  
Xingjun Qin ◽  
Ping Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh Flap ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Flap Thickness ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Alt Flap

Background: During repair of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects, organ function is largely related to the amount of thickness of the flap. However, there are few studies on the influencing factors of the thickness of the flap. In this retrospective study, we aim to explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap thickness by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound and provide guidance for evaluating the ALT flap thickness before surgery.Methods: We selected three points A, B, and C on ALT flap and two skilled clinicians measured the thickness of these points. Age and gender as covariates and evaluated by the Chi-square analysis. Inter-group differences between the two BMI groups were examined by the student t test. Intra-group differences within each BMI group were tested by ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between BMI and ALT flap thickness.Results: One hundred sixty patients measured by CT were included in this study, and the ALT flap thickness measured by CT were 8.96 mm and 11.00 mm (P < 0.0001, t test) at point B in groups with BMI<24.0 and BMI≥24.0, respectively. The thicknesses at points A, B, and C were significantly correlated with the BMI (P < 0.001, correlation analysis, r = 0.462, 0.372, and 0.349 at the points A, B, and C, retrospectively, Pearson test).Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the ALT flap thickness and BMI. A higher BMI was correlated with a thicker ALT flap.

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