The relationship between cortical thickness and body mass index differs between women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Federico D’Agata ◽  
Angela Spalatro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Decline of Plasma Concentrations of Interleukin-18 in Severely Malnourished Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Exploratory Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tanaka ◽  
Tomoko Oya-Ito ◽  
Yuki Murakami ◽  
Kuniaki Saito ◽  
Sho Furuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple studies on the dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been published, although results are not consistent among reports. Thus the pathophysiologic roles of these cytokines are not clear. We performed an exploratory analysis that included (1) comparisons of plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentrations between patients with AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 39), and (2) correlations between body mass index (BMI) and IL-18 concentrations in both groups, exploring the relationship between malnourishment and IL-18. Plasma IL-18 levels were significantly decreased in patients with AN compared with controls. Plasma IL-18 levels correlated to BMI in controls, but not in patients with AN. These results suggest that a decline in plasma IL-18 levels in patients with AN is not only due to malnourishment, but other pathophysiologic changes as well. IL-18 has a role in the brain’s reaction to sadness and chronic stress. Therefore, decreased levels of IL-18 may commonly occur in patients with chronic AN.

Association between body mass index and cortical thickness: among elderly cognitively normal men and women

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojeong Kim ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Sang Won Seo ◽  
Duk L. Na ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Mild Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:There is increasing evidence of a relationship between underweight or obesity and dementia risk. Several studies have investigated the relationship between body weight and brain atrophy, a pathological change preceding dementia, but their results are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cortical atrophy among cognitively normal participants.Methods:We recruited cognitively normal participants (n = 1,111) who underwent medical checkups and detailed neurologic screening, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the health screening visits between September 2008 and December 2011. The main outcome was cortical thickness measured using MRI. The number of subjects with five BMI groups in men/women was 9/9, 148/258, 185/128, 149/111, and 64/50 in underweight, normal, overweight, mild obesity, and moderate to severe obesity, respectively. Linear and non-linear relationships between BMI and cortical thickness were examined using multiple linear regression analysis and generalized additive models after adjustment for potential confounders.Results:Among men, underweight participants showed significant cortical thinning in the frontal and temporal regions compared to normal weight participants, while overweight and mildly obese participants had greater cortical thicknesses in the frontal region and the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions, respectively. However, cortical thickness in each brain region was not significantly different in normal weight and moderate to severe obesity groups. Among women, the association between BMI and cortical thickness was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that underweight might be an important risk factor for pathological changes in the brain, while overweight or mild obesity may be inversely associated with cortical atrophy in cognitively normal elderly males.

scholarly journals Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2275-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Isabelle E Bauer ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Sudhakar Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The association between body mass index and brain morphology in children: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathelijne Steegers ◽  
Elisabet Blok ◽  
Sander Lamballais ◽  
Vincent Jaddoe ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBrain morphology is altered in both anorexia nervosa and obesity. However, it is yet unclear if the relationship between Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) and brain morphology exists across the BMI-SDS spectrum, or is present only in the extremes. The study involved 3160 9-to-11 year-old children (50.3% female) who participate in Generation R, a population-based study. Structural MRI scans were obtained from all children and FreeSurfer was used to quantify both global and surface-based measures of gyrification and cortical thickness. Body length and weight were measured to calculate BMI. Dutch growth curves were used to calculate BMI-SDS. BMI-SDS was analyzed continuously and in two categories (median split). The relationship between BMI-SDS (range − 3.82 to 3.31) and gyrification showed an inverted-U shape curve in children with both lower and higher BMI-SDS values having lower gyrification in widespread areas of the brain. BMI-SDS had a positive linear association with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions. This study provides evidence for an association between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in a large sample of children from the general population and suggests that a normal BMI during childhood is important for brain development. Future studies could determine whether lifestyle modifications optimize BMI-SDS result in return to more typical patterns of brain morphology.

Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S Jahan ◽  
TR Das ◽  
KB Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

scholarly journals Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Sehn ◽  
Anelise R. Gaya ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Arieli F. Dias ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Television Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

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