Stretching the Social: Broadening the Behavioral Indicators of Sociality

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nameera Akhtar ◽  
Vikram K. Jaswal
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
The Social

7 Behavioral Indicators of Post-weaning Stress Susceptibility in Cross-fostered Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Dominique M Sommer ◽  
Jennifer M Young ◽  
Christopher J Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Social Confrontation ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract Cross-fostering is a common swine husbandry practice; however, little research has focused on the effects of foster stress on piglets post-weaning. This study evaluated the effect of cross-fostering on behavioral indicators of post-weaning stress susceptibility. Litters (n = 40) were allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON) and foster. Three piglets (FOS) from each CON litter were randomly selected and moved to a foster litter 12–24 h post-farrowing, where they were nursed along resident (RES) piglets until weaning (approximately 18 d of age). At 21- and 28-d post-weaning, a male and female piglet from each treatment (FOS, RES, CON) underwent 1 of 2 behavior tests: social isolation and social confrontation. Both tests were conducted in an isolated 1.22 × 1.22 m novel pen. For social isolation, escape attempts, movement between floor quadrants (i.e. locomotion), defecation, and urination events were counted. For social confrontation, the latency to first aggressive interaction and the number of aggressive interactions were quantified. All data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS. The CON piglets moved between quadrants more frequently than RES piglets (P = 0.02), while FOS piglets moved between quadrants intermediate to (but not different from) CON and RES piglets (P = 0.44 and 0.12, respectively). Females moved between quadrants more frequently than males (P < 0.0001). The latency to first aggressive interaction was shorter in FOS piglets compared to CON piglets (P = 0.048). There was a treatment by sex interaction (P < 0.01) for number of aggressive interactions, with CON and RES females having more aggressive interactions than their male counterparts (P = 0.04 for both) while FOS females had fewer aggressive interactions than FOS males (P = 0.007). No additional differences were detected (all P > 0.05). Overall, these results provide little evidence that FOS piglets exhibit an increase in behavioral stress susceptibility post-weaning. However, future work should expand upon and clarify the social confrontation findings.

scholarly journals Social-Emotional Development - Highlights in the Romanian Curriculum for Early Education

Educatia 21 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ioana Oltean ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Social-emotional development represents a main developmental domain proposed by the current curriculum for early education in Romania. The main aspects related to this domain are the proper initiation and maintenance of social interactions, the ability to identify and express emotions, to react adequately to the emotions expressed by others, and the self-concept development. Thus, in kindergarten, children learn what solidarity and responsibility for their own actions and for their own behavior mean and that they can control their behavior towards others. All these are essential for the individual wellbeing and learning outcomes, as well as for his future social integration. The Romanian curriculum for early education describes behavioral indicators related to the social-emotional development of children, which can be followed by educators within daily didactic activities. The current study describes the main highlights related to this developmental field found in the main document of the regulatory framework for the Romanian preschool education system. Taking the pandemic context into consideration, we can affirm that educators are required to reconsider the implications of the proper development of social-emotional skills more than before.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Social Enrichment Programme on the Behaviour of Dogs from a Private Shelter

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Silvana POPESCU ◽  
Cristin BORDA ◽  
Cristina EL MAHDY ◽  
Eva- Andrea LAZAR ◽  
Anamaria BLAGA PETREAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shelter Dogs

The aim of this study was the behavior assessment of dogs housed in a private shelter, before and after implementing an intensive social enrichment programme. Using an assessment protocol of provoked and unprovoked behavior, a range of behavioral indicators was recorded in 20 dogs housed for more than two years in the shelter. The data collected was used for computing a quality of life score (QL). After the implementation of the social enrichment programme, 75% of the studied dogs received higher QL scores compared with the initial assessment. At that stage, also a slight increasing in the proportion of the dogs’ positive indicators was seen. No significant difference was recorded when compared the results obtained by the two assessors. The higher QL scores obtained after the enrichment programme prove that such a programme has positive effects on the behavior and on the life quality of shelter dogs.

scholarly journals Generation Stress Effecting Students’ Interpersonal Skills at Elementary Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quratul Ain Hina ◽  
Saira Nudrat ◽  
Zawar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Service Programs

The research was designed to assess the level of stress and interpersonal skills of students at higher education level. Further to measure the effect of stress indicators on students’ interpersonal skills. Research was of descriptive-correlational style. The population of the study was based on 9132 social sciences university students (session 2018). 724 students contributed in the data collection. Stress indicators assessment scale based on five sub scales (sleep, behavioral, emotional, personal and physical indicators) having 65 items and interpersonal skills assessment scale (60 items) were used to collect data. It was found that stress and interpersonal skills among young students was at moderate level. The study indicated that the stress effect 31. 9% on the interpersonal skills. Further sleep disorder, behavior, Emotions, Physical and personal indicator had 9. 6%, 21. 7%, 25. 6%, 26. 3% and 21. 6% effect on students’ interpersonal skills respectively. It is recommended for the educational institutions to encourage the social and community service programs to reduce stress and improve interpersonal skills among students.Key Words: generation stress, interpersonal skills, sleep indicators, behavioral indicators, emotional indicators, personal indicators and physical indicators

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Challenges to the social motivation theory of autism: The dangers of counteracting an imprecise theory with even more imprecision

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Giacomo Vivanti ◽  
Susan R. Leekam ◽  
Antonio Y. Hardan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
The Social

Abstract The arguments offered by Jaswal & Akhtar to counter the social motivation theory (SMT) do not appear to be directly related to the SMT tenets and predictions, seem to not be empirically testable, and are inconsistent with empirical evidence. To evaluate the merits and shortcomings of the SMT and identify scientifically testable alternatives, advances are needed on the conceptualization and operationalization of social motivation across diagnostic boundaries.

What is taken for granted in autism research?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Ilana Friedner
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research

Abstract This commentary focuses on three points: the need to consider semiotic ideologies of both researchers and autistic people, questions of commensurability, and problems with “the social” as an analytical concept. It ends with a call for new research methodologies that are not deficit-based and that consider a broad range of linguistic and non-linguistic communicative practices.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

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