scholarly journals Influence of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia viability on murine pulmonary microRNA and mRNA expression following subchronic inhalation exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Croston ◽  
A. P. Nayak ◽  
A. R. Lemons ◽  
W. T. Goldsmith ◽  
J. K. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inhalation Exposure

Aspergillus Fumigatus Extract Suppresses the mRNA Expression of the IP-10 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. P248-P248
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
James E. Norton ◽  
Dave Gupta ◽  
Quen Sha ◽  
James W. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial

scholarly journals Comparative Characterization of G Protein α Subunits in Aspergillus fumigatus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ho Choi ◽  
Na-Young Lee ◽  
Sung-Su Kim ◽  
Hee-Soo Park ◽  
Kwang-Soo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
G Protein ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Asexual Development ◽  
Pkc Signaling ◽  
Α Subunits ◽  
G Protein Α Subunits

Trimeric G proteins play a central role in the G protein signaling in filamentous fungi and Gα subunits are the major component of trimeric G proteins. In this study, we characterize three Gα subunits in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. While the deletion of gpaB and ganA led to reduced colony growth, the growth of the ΔgpaA strain was increased in minimal media. The germination rate, conidiation, and mRNA expression of key asexual development regulators were significantly decreased by the loss of gpaB. In contrast, the deletion of gpaA resulted in increased conidiation and mRNA expression levels of key asexual regulators. The deletion of gpaB caused a reduction in conidial tolerance against H2O2, but not in paraquat (PQ). Moreover, the ΔgpaB mutant showed enhanced susceptibility against membrane targeting azole antifungal drugs and reduced production of gliotoxin (GT). The protein kinase A (PKA) activity of the ΔganA strain was severely decreased and protein kinase C (PKC) activity was detected all strains at similar levels, indicating that all G protein α subunits of A. fumigatus may be a component of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and appear to possess the PKC signaling pathway as an alternative backup pathway to compensate for PKA depletion. Collectively, the three Gα subunits regulate growth, germination, asexual development, resistance to oxidative stress, and GT production differently via the PKA or PKC signaling pathway. The function of GanA of A. fumigatus was elucidated for the first time.

A Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure System For The Delivery Of Dry Fungal Spores (Aspergillus Fumigatus)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Goldsmith ◽  
Walter McKinney ◽  
Amanda D. Buskirk ◽  
Brett J. Green ◽  
Don Beezhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Exposure System

Aspergillus Fumigatus Extract Suppressed mRNA Expression of the BAFF and IP-10 in Epithelial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 149 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P254-P255
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
James E. Norton ◽  
Dave Gupta ◽  
Quen Sha ◽  
James W. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mrna Expression

scholarly journals Overexpression of the RNA-binding protein NrdA affects global gene expression and secondary metabolism inAspergillusspecies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Kadooka ◽  
Kosuke Izumitsu ◽  
Teigo Asai ◽  
Kazuki Mori ◽  
Kayu Okutsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Global Gene Expression

ABSTRACTRNA-binding protein Nrd1 plays a role in RNA polymerase II transcription termination. In this study, we showed that the orthologous NrdA is important in global mRNA expression and secondary metabolism inAspergillusspecies. We constructed annrdAconditional expression strain using the Tet-On system inAspergillus luchuenesismut.kawachii. Downregulation ofnrdAcaused a severe growth defect, indicating that NrdA is essential for the proliferation ofA. kawachii. Parallel RNA-sequencing and RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis identified potential NrdA-interacting transcripts, corresponding to 32% of the predicted protein coding genes ofA. kawachii. Subsequent gene ontology analysis suggested that overexpression of NrdA affects the production of secondary metabolites. To clarify this, we constructed NrdA-overexpressing strains ofAspergillus nidulans,Aspergillus fumigatus, andAspergillus oryzae. Overexpression of NrdA reduced the production of sterigmatocystin and penicillin inA. nidulans, as well as that of helvolic acid and pyripyropene A inA. fumigatus. Moreover, it increased the production of kojic acid and reduced production of penicillin inA. oryzae. These effects were accompanied by almost consistent transcriptional changes in the relevant genes. Collectively, these results suggest that NrdA is the essential RNA-binding protein, which plays a significant role in global gene expression and secondary metabolism inAspergillusspecies.IMPORTANCENrd1, a component of the Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 complex, is an essential RNA-binding protein involved in transcriptional termination in yeast. However, its role in filamentous fungi has not been studied. In this study, we characterized an orthologous NrdA in theAspergillusspecies, identified potential NrdA-interacting mRNA, and investigated the effect of overexpression of NrdA on mRNA expression inAspergillus luchuensismut.kawachii. The results indicated that NrdA controls global gene expression involved in versatile metabolic pathways, including the secondary metabolic process. We demonstrated that NrdA overexpression significantly affected the production of secondary metabolites inAspergillus nidulans,Aspergillus oryzae, andAspergillus fumigatus. Our findings are of importance to the fungal research community because the secondary metabolism is an industrially and clinically important aspect for theAspergillusspecies.

scholarly journals Ozone-induced changes in murine lung extracellular vesicle number and small RNA content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Smith ◽  
Adelaide Tovar ◽  
Matt Kanke ◽  
Praveen Sethupathy ◽  
Samir N. P. Kelada
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

AbstractInhalation exposure to ozone (O3) causes adverse respiratory health effects that result from airway inflammation, a complex response mediated by changes to airway cellular transcriptional programs. These programs may be regulated in part by a subset of microRNAs transferred between cells (e.g. epithelial cells and macrophages) via extracellular vesicles (EV miRNA). To explore this, we exposed female C57BL/6J mice to filtered air (FA), 1, or 2 ppm O3 by inhalation and collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 21 hours later for markers of airway inflammation, EVs, and EV miRNA. Both concentrations of O3 significantly increased markers of inflammation (neutrophils and total protein) and the number of EVs in the BALF. Using high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we identified several differentially expressed (DE) BALF EV miRNAs after 1 ppm (16 DE miRNAs) and 2 ppm (99 DE miRNAs) O3 versus FA exposure. O3 concentration response patterns in EV miRNA expression were apparent, particularly for the two most highly expressed (miR-2137 and miR-126-3p) and lowly expressed (miR-378-3p and miR-351-5p) miRNAs. Integrative analysis of EV miRNA expression and airway cellular mRNA expression identified EV miR-22-3p as a candidate regulator of transcriptomic responses to O3 in airway macrophages. In contrast, we did not identify candidate miRNA regulators of mRNA expression data from conducting airways (predominantly composed of epithelial cells). In summary, our data show that O3 exposure alters EV release and EV miRNA expression, suggesting that further investigation of EVs may provide insight into their effects on airway macrophage function and other mechanisms of O3-induced respiratory inflammation.

Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
C.J. Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

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