Can Institutional Reforms Reduce Corruption? Economic Theory and Patron-Client Politics in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca J. Uberti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Institutional Reforms

scholarly journals Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Ghulam Rasool Madni ◽  
Muhammad Awais Anwar ◽  
Syeda Masooma Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

It is widely accepted that the economic and social system may be more efficient by reforming institutions. Institutional reforms are attempts to change the rules affecting human interactions and these reforms are fundamental for development and economic prosperity. The reforms can be divided into two categories; political and economic institutional reforms. It is need of the hour to determine the category of reform that is more suitable for developing countries. Moreover, a vast literature describes the impact of institutional reforms but little focused on exploring their impacts on macroeconomic activities. So, this study is an effort to determine the impact of institutional reforms on macroeconomic variables by considering the panel data of 122 developing countries covering the time span from 1996 to 2019. The study applied treatment analysis using the difference-in-differences technique to gauge the effects of reforms. Besides, it will be interesting to know the causes triggering the institutional reforms in developing countries. The findings of the study reveal that economic reforms are more important as compared with political reforms to grow the economies. The countries focusing on political reforms are not able to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, both types of reforms do not cause each other in these countries.

scholarly journals The Theory of Agricultural Price Bubble & Price Crash in Global Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
M.B. Dastagiri ◽  
L. Bhavigna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Price Bubble ◽  
Agricultural Price

Agricultural prices play greater role in living Economics. Since many decades’ farmers faced declining agricultural prices and low prices in developing countries. Therefore, in these countries agricultural price policies are under closer appraisal.  Government and policy makers worry about inflation. Economic precision is required in determining prices. This understanding led to conception of the study. The specific objectives are to review various agricultural price theories, research evidences and construct the theory of agricultural price bubble and crash and their effect on macro economy and suggest measures to improve. The study reviews various agricultural price theories, concepts, policies, research gaps and do meta-analysis and formulated the theory of Agricultural prices bubble and price crash. Since 1950, many development economists and practitioners prophesy in developing countries is that low agricultural commodities prices discourage poverty alleviation. Many countries are unable to make successful pricing policies due to there is not enough operative methodological and theoretical support for decision-making. According to the economic theory of cooperativism, the entities come closer to the pecking order theory. Unexpected changes and changes in regulations can have significant impact on the profitability of farming activities. “Demand channel" is the crucial factor in elucidation of commodity price growth. Future prices moments in agriculture have fat-tailed distributions and display quick and unpredicted price jumps. World Trade Organization study highlights the importance of strengthening multilateral disciplines on both import and export trade interventions to food price fluctuations to reduce beggar-thy-neighbor unilateral trade policy. The theory of NAFTA regionalism did not lead to regionalization and not increasing share of intraregional international trade. In EU countries land rents in modern agriculture causing upward trend in agricultural land prices. Information friction, agricultural supports, agricultural price & trade policies, agricultural price transmission are responsible price fluctuations. In economic theory, asymmetric price transmission has been the subject of considerable attention in agricultural gaps. Selection of forecasting models are based on chaos theory. Chaos in agricultural wholesale price data provides a good theoretical basis for selecting forecasting models. This theory can be applied to agricultural prices forecasting. Novelties in agricultural products fluctuations research offer scientific basis in planning of agricultural production.

Neuroeconomics as a Factor in the Decision-Making of Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Jovanna Nathalie Cervantes-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Behavioral Bias ◽  
Decision Making Models

Neuroeconomics will help solve questions that constitute a good decision, the factors that influence decisions, and how they are made. The study will expose from the experts' opinion the tangible and intangible factors that influence decisions from the perspective of the neuroeconomics. A modified Dephi method that integrates neuroeconomics is used. Neuroeconomics has the potential to explain phenomena that are considered a deviation from the prediction or behavioral bias of decision-making models in economic theory. The study exposes the opinions that have a greater degree of relevance from the experts.

Transboundary hazardous wastes and environmental justice

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Ajibo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Basel Convention ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Prior Informed Consent

The generation and international movement of hazardous wastes including their disposal in economically evolving world remains a topical issue in the environmental justice debate. Globally, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of wastes produced and traded annually are from industrialised nations. Most of these hazardous wastes are shipped to developing countries for recycling and disposal. The article argues that tightening of the weaker provisions of Basel Convention is urgently needed to assist the developing world, especially in Africa. This requires both technical transfer and capacity building given the consequences of hazardous wastes to human health and environment. Similarly, the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure should be upgraded to meet the sound Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) standard. This entails evaluating the potential risk and ability, thus allowing the importing countries to make an informed decision. The implication of this is that Basel has the potential to promote environmental justice if the key institutional reforms are made without a total ban on wastes trade in developing world.

The Economics of Antitrust Sanctioning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Katsoulacos ◽  
Eleni Metsiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Cartel Formation

In this chapter, we first discuss the empirical evidence on cartel formation that is particularly worrying in recent years for the case of BRICS and developing countries and the traditional economic theory on deterrence as applied to sanctioning policies. We evaluate the available empirical evidence and discuss the reasons why cartels are still very active, despite the significant increase in the fines imposed, the application of leniency programmes, and the tougher antitrust enforcement. We point out three reasons why current sanctioning methods are not as effective as they could be, specifically currently: (1) penalties are misdirected to corporations and not to responsible individuals; (2) penalties on corporations are inefficiently designed by using wrong penalty bases; and (3) there is no exploitation of complementary policies, specifically for policies preventing recidivism in cartel formation. We conclude by pointing to a number of proposals for enhancing the effectiveness of sanctioning regimes.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization: Is It Desirable for All Developing Economies?: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Good For

Economic theory says all countries benefit from free international trade. However, does this belief tell the whole story? Can all countries indeed benefit from free trade? For instance, is it any good for developing countries? In the literature, there are many studies and some of them present ideas against free trade. In this paper, we strive to provide a brief of the literature on developing economies.

Reviews and Notice

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Corporate Planning ◽  
The Brain

GENERAL: ASOKA MEHTA Reflections on Socialist Era. S. Chand GENERAL: A.K. DIXIT: Optimization in Economic Theory. GENERAL: S. VENU: Successful Management in Developing Countries: 5-Corporate Planning. GENERAL: P. VAS-ZOLTAN: The Brain Drain: An Anomaly of International Relations. GENERAL: MILENKOVITCH, DEBORAH and MICHAEL ( Ed.) : Milovan Djilas : Parts of a Lifetime.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document