scholarly journals Tolerance and Social Facilitation in the Foraging Behaviour of Free-Ranging Crows (Corvus corone corone; C. c. cornix)

Ethology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Miller ◽  
Martina Schiestl ◽  
Andrew Whiten ◽  
Christine Schwab ◽  
Thomas Bugnyar
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Corvus Corone ◽  
Free Ranging

Unravelling the function of dolphin leaps using the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) as a model species

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi C. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Lagenorhynchus Obscurus ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dusky Dolphins ◽  
Dusky Dolphin ◽  
Positive Effect

The prevalence of leaping across delphinids indicates it has an adaptive benefit. I examined leaping behaviour in dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) according to signalling, social facilitation, and prey capture hypotheses. I quantified the effect of leaping on group behaviour and fission-fusion and the behavioural context of leaping. I observed dolphins in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand during 171 focal follows totalling 157 h. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Clean leaping had a positive effect on party fission () and foraging behaviour (). Coordinated leaping caused a short-term wane in foraging behaviour () and had a positive effect on party fusion (). Noisy leaping had a negative effect on perpetuating resting and traveling cessation (both ). The signalling hypothesis was the most strongly supported. The social facilitation and prey capture hypotheses were moderately supported. Leaping may provide adaptive benefits such as reduced scramble competition, increased foraging efficiency, and social bonding.

An automatic system to record foraging behaviour in free-ranging ruminants

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Rutter ◽  
R.A. Champion ◽  
P.D. Penning
Keyword(s):  
Automatic System ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Free Ranging

Sex and physiological state influence the rate of resource acquisition and monopolisation in urban free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris

Behaviour ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhur Mangalam ◽  
Mewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Free Ranging

In animal populations, the constraints of energy and time can cause intraspecific variation in foraging behaviour. The proximate developmental mediators of such variation are often the mechanisms underlying perception and associative learning. Here, experience-dependent changes in foraging behaviour and their consequences were investigated in an urban population of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris by continually challenging them with the task of food extraction from specially crafted packets. Typically, males and pregnant/lactating (PL) females extracted food using the sophisticated ‘gap widening’ technique, whereas non-pregnant/non-lactating (NPNL) females, the relatively underdeveloped ‘rip opening’ technique. In contrast to most males and PL females (and a few NPNL females) that repeatedly used the gap widening technique and improved their performance in food extraction with experience, most NPNL females (and a few males and PL females) non-preferentially used the two extraction techniques and did not improve over successive trials. Furthermore, the ability of dogs to sophisticatedly extract food was positively related to their ability to improve their performance with experience. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that factors such as sex and physiological state can cause differences among individuals in the likelihood of learning new information and hence, in the rate of resource acquisition and monopolization.

Energetics of free-ranging large herbivores: when should costs affect foraging behaviour?

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1604-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M Armstrong ◽  
Antony Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Published relationships were used to build a mathematical model that predicts the daily net energy balance of free-ranging domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing in the U.K. hills. Net energy balance was predicted for a plausible range of environmental conditions. The behaviour of the model suggested the following predictions. Locomotion will be a relatively unimportant energetic cost. Ambient temperature and rainfall alone will rarely affect energy expenditure, whereas wind will greatly increase energetic costs in winter. These are further increased, but to a relatively small extent, by any concurrent rainfall. Predictions of foraging behaviour based on maximisation of energy intake alone are likely to significantly overestimate dry matter intake from climatically exposed vegetation in winter. Where shelter is available, such models will also overestimate total intake in winter by not taking account of sheltering behaviour. This effect will be most pronounced when forage is of low digestibility or availability, wind speeds are high, or the level of coat insulation is low. Foraging models based instead on maximisation of net energy balance are likely to greatly improve predictions of the impact of large herbivores on vegetation and the mechanisms driving their population dynamics.

scholarly journals Processing of acceleration and dive data on‐board satellite relay tags to investigate diving and foraging behaviour in free‐ranging marine predators

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam L. Cox ◽  
Florian Orgeret ◽  
Mathieu Gesta ◽  
Charles Rodde ◽  
Isaac Heizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Diel and seasonal patterns in acoustic presence and foraging behaviour of free-ranging harbour porpoises

2016 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Schaffeld ◽  
S Bräger ◽  
A Gallus ◽  
M Dähne ◽  
K Krügel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging

Foraging behaviour and diet selection of free-ranging sheep and goats in the Negev Desert, Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KAM ◽  
S. EL-MECCAWI ◽  
A. A. DEGEN
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Dietary Selection ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThe foraging behaviour and dietary selection of free-ranging Awassi sheep and Negev goats when shepherded in the Negev Desert was determined. Measurements were made for 9 weeks (W1–W9) from the beginning of February, following winter rains and emergence of annual plants, to the end of March, after the herbaceous vegetation dried up. Since sheep are grazers and goats are intermediate feeders, it was predicted that goats would browse more and consume proportionately more browse than sheep. These predictions were only partially supported. In fact, the foraging pattern was similar between sheep and goats (Mantel test, P<0·05) until W8 and only towards the end, at W9, did patterns differ significantly (Mantel test, P=0·214) between these two ruminants. There was no difference (P=0·575) between sheep and goats in foraging; however, a period effect was found (P<0·001). In February (W2), sheep and goats grazed 0·69 and 0·71 of the time allotted for foraging and neither species browsed. Browsing commenced only at the beginning of March (W4), when goats browsed 0·08 of the time and sheep 0·07 of the allotted time for foraging. The proportion of time spent browsing increased at the end of March (W9) when annuals disappeared, but the total time spent foraging decreased: goats browsed 0·29 and grazed 0·25, while sheep browsed 0·19 and grazed 0·26 of the time allotted for foraging. Goats increased the proportion of browse consumed gradually throughout the season, whereas sheep maintained a relatively higher proportion of herbaceous plants and only in late March (W8), at which time very little herbaceous plants were available, shifted abruptly to consume mainly browse. In W8, browse composed 0·85 of the dry matter (DM) intake in goats and 0·62 of the DM intake in sheep. A simultaneous analysis of foraging time allocation and relative diet composition revealed that both small ruminants were more efficient in consuming browse than herbaceous plants, more so in goats than sheep. It was concluded that vegetation availability and foraging habits affected dietary selection. Both sheep and goats only grazed when herbaceous plants were abundantly available; differences between ruminant species were apparent when herbaceous plants became scarcer, at which time goats browsed more and consumed proportionately more browse than sheep. The results contribute to better understanding of feeding behaviour and dietary selection of sheep and goats under natural desert pastures and could be useful in the management of mixed flocks.

Assessment of diet composition of free-ranging addax antelopes (Addaxnasomaculatus) by the combination of microhistological procedures andn-alkanes and long-chain alcohols as fecal markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289
Author(s):  
Hicham Seri ◽  
Mohsen Chammem ◽  
Severiano Silva ◽  
Miguel Rodrigues ◽  
Touhami Khorchani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Markers ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Understanding herbivore foraging behaviour is crucial for adequate wildlife management decisions. This study assessed the diet composition of free-ranging addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus (de Blainville, 1816)). Samples collected during the spring season were analyzed using microhistological procedures along with n-alkanes and long-chain alcohols as fecal markers. Twelve animals were monitored and fresh fecal samples were collected daily during a 7-day period. Diet composition estimates obtained by both methods were similar and indicate that Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter was the main diet component followed by Fagonia glutinosa Delile, Helianthemum kahiricum Delile, and Hammada schmittiana (Pomel.) Botsch. Data showed that addax have mixed diets composed of perennial woody and herbaceous plant species depending on their availability. The four species most selected by the animals were also the most abundant species in terms of plant cover. In contrast, species that accounted for less than 5% of the plant cover were not present in the fecal samples. Results of this study represent a single grazing season, and for that reason, further studies are required to fully understand how the grazing behaviour of addax varies with seasonal changes in vegetation cover.

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