ALTERATIONS IN THE FAECAL MICROBIOME AND METABOLOME OF HORSES WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ASSOCIATED DIARRHOEA COMPARED TO ANTIBIOTIC‐TREATED AND NON‐TREATED HEALTHY CASE CONTROLS

With increasing globalisation, various diets from around the world are readily available in global cities. This study aimed to verify if multiethnic dietary habits destabilised the gut microbiome in response to frequent changes, leading to readily colonisation of exogenous microbes. This may have health implications. We profiled Singapore young adults of different ethnicities for dietary habits, faecal type, gut microbiome and cytokine levels. Subjects were challenged with Lactobacillus casei, and corresponding changes in microbiome and cytokines were evaluated. Here, we found that the majority of young adults had normal stool types (73% Bristol Scale Types 3 and 4) and faecal microbiome categorised into three clusters, irrespective of race and gender. Cluster 1 was dominated by Bacteroides, Cluster 2 by Prevotella, while Cluster 3 showed a marginal increase in Blautia, Ruminococaceae and Ruminococcus, without a predominant microbiota. These youngsters in the three faecal microbiome clusters preferred Western high sugary beverages, Southeast Asian plant-rich diet and Asian/Western diets in rotation, respectively. Multiethnic dietary habits (Cluster 3) led to a gut microbiome without predominant microbiota yet demonstrated colonisation resistance to Lactobacillus. Although Bacteroides and Prevotella are reported to be health-promoting but also risk factors for some illnesses, Singapore-style dietary rotation habits may alleviate Bacteroides and Prevotella associated ill effects. Different immunological outcome was observed during consumption of the lactobacilli among the three microbiome clusters.

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Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Recurrence is Associated with Specific Changes in the Faecal Microbiome and Potential Pathogenic and Protective Roles

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(17)33358-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 152 (5) ◽

pp. S991 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy L. Hamilton ◽

Michael A. Kamm ◽

Shu-Mei Teo ◽

Peter De Cruz ◽

Emily K. Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Faecal Microbiome

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Raw meat based diet influences faecal microbiome and end products of fermentation in healthy dogs

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-017-0981-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Misa Sandri ◽

Simeone Dal Monego ◽

Giuseppe Conte ◽

Sandy Sgorlon ◽

Bruno Stefanon

Keyword(s):

Raw Meat ◽

End Products ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Faecal Microbiome

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Faecal Microbiota Analysis of Piglets During Lactation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 762 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanya L. Nowland ◽

Valeria A. Torok ◽

Wai Y. Low ◽

Mary D. Barton ◽

Kate J. Plush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Animal Disease ◽

Faecal Microbiota ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Animal Disease Control ◽

Potential Development ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Global Concern ◽

Faecal Microbiome

Antimicrobial use in animals and the potential development of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. So, non-antimicrobial techniques for animal disease control are needed. This study aimed to determine whether neonatal ceftiofur (CF) treatment affects piglet faecal microbiomes and whether faecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) can correct it. Two focal piglets per sow were assigned to treatments as follows: cffresh (n = 6) received CF (3 mg/kg intramuscular) at 7 d and fresh FMT at 13 d; cffrozen (n = 7) received CF at 7 d and frozen FMT at 13 d; CF (n = 8) received CF at 7 d and no FMT; and no CF (n = 5) received no CF or FMT. DNA was extracted from faecal samples collected on days 7, 13, and 18 for 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. All faecal blends used for the FMT consisted of pooled donor pig faeces at 1:2 ratio with saline, delivered orally at 3 mL/kg. Alpha and beta diversity metrics increased with age (p < 0.05). However, no effect of antibiotic or FMT treatment was evident in 13 and 18 d old piglets (p > 0.05). Although no effect of treatment was observed, information regarding microbial membership during lactation was gained.

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Correction: Differences in the Faecal Microbiome in Schistosoma haematobium Infected Children vs. Uninfected Children

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0003969 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e0003969

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Faecal Microbiome

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Riboflavin Supplementation in Patients with Crohn’s Disease [the RISE-UP study]

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 595-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julius Z H von Martels ◽

Arno R Bourgonje ◽

Marjolein A Y Klaassen ◽

Hassan A A Alkhalifah ◽

Mehdi Sadaghian Sadabad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Fish Analysis ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Faecal Microbiome ◽

Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Abstract Background and Aims Crohn’s disease [CD] is characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in the gut. Riboflavin [vitamin B2] has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and microbiome-modulatory properties. Here, we analysed the effect of riboflavin on oxidative stress, markers of inflammation, clinical symptoms, and faecal microbiome in patients with CD. Methods In this prospective clinical intervention study, patients received 100 mg riboflavin [DSM, Nutritional Products Ltd] daily for 3 weeks. Clinical disease activity [Harvey-Bradshaw Index: HBI], serum biomarkers of inflammation and redox status [plasma free thiols], and faecal microbiome taxonomical composition and functionality [fluorescent in situ hybridisation: FISH; and metagenomic shotgun sequencing: MGS], were analysed before and after riboflavin intervention. Results In total, 70 patients with CD with varying disease activity were included. Riboflavin supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of inflammatory markers. In patients with low faecal calprotectin [FC] levels, IL-2 decreased, and in patients with high FC levels, C-reactive protein [CRP] was reduced and free thiols significantly increased after supplementation. Moreover, HBI was significantly decreased by riboflavin supplementation. Riboflavin supplementation led to decreased Enterobacteriaceae in patients with low FC levels as determined by FISH; however, MGS analysis showed no effects on diversity, taxonomy, or metabolic pathways of the faecal microbiome. Conclusions Three weeks of riboflavin supplementation resulted in a reduction in systemic oxidative stress, mixed anti-inflammatory effects, and a reduction in clinical symptoms [HBI]. FISH analysis showed decreased Enterobacteriaceae in patients with CD with low FC levels, though this was not observed in MGS analysis. Our data demonstrate that riboflavin supplementation has a number of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in CD.

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Underdevelopment of the gut microbiota and bacteria species as non-invasive markers of prediction in children with autism spectrum disorder

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2020-324015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. gutjnl-2020-324015

Author(s):

Yating Wan ◽

Tao Zuo ◽

Zhilu Xu ◽

Fen Zhang ◽

Hui Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Faecal Microbiome

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota has been suggested to play a role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We postulate that children with ASD harbour an altered developmental profile of the gut microbiota distinct from that of typically developing (TD) children. Here, we aimed to characterise compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiome in association with age in children with ASD and to identify novel faecal bacterial markers for predicting ASD.DesignWe performed deep metagenomic sequencing in faecal samples of 146 Chinese children (72 ASD and 74 TD children). We compared gut microbial composition and functions between children with ASD and TD children. Candidate bacteria markers were identified and validated by metagenomic analysis. Gut microbiota development in relation to chronological age was assessed using random forest model.ResultsASD and chronological age had the most significant and largest impacts on children’s faecal microbiome while diet showed no correlation. Children with ASD had significant alterations in faecal microbiome composition compared with TD children characterised by increased bacterial richness (p=0.021) and altered microbiome composition (p<0.05). Five bacterial species were identified to distinguish gut microbes in ASD and TD children, with areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 82.6% and 76.2% in the discovery cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Multiple neurotransmitter biosynthesis related pathways in the gut microbiome were depleted in children with ASD compared with TD children (p<0.05). Developing dynamics of growth-associated gut bacteria (age-discriminatory species) seen in TD children were lost in children with ASD across the early-life age spectrum.ConclusionsGut microbiome in Chinese children with ASD was altered in composition, ecological network and functionality compared with TD children. We identified novel bacterial markers for prediction of ASD and demonstrated persistent underdevelopment of the gut microbiota in children with ASD which lagged behind their respective age-matched peers.

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