scholarly journals Characterisation of the oral glucose and sugar tolerance tests and the enteroinsular axis response in healthy adult donkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Mendoza ◽  
A. Buzon‐Cuevas ◽  
R. E. Toribio ◽  
A. Perez‐Ecija
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Enteroinsular Axis ◽  
Sugar Tolerance

scholarly journals Oral Glucose Augments the Counterregulatory Hormone Response during Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Humans1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-648
Author(s):  
Rubina A. Heptulla ◽  
William V. Tamborlane ◽  
Tony Y.-Z. Ma ◽  
Fran Rife ◽  
Robert S. Sherwin.
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Glucose Sensors ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Acute Hypoglycemia

It has been suggested that the counterregulatory hormone (CRH) response to acute hypoglycemia is triggered via glucose sensors situated in either the hypothalamus or the portohepatic area. If the latter were critical during hypoglycemia, one would anticipate that ingestion of glucose, by raising glucose levels in the portal circulation, should attenuate CRH responses previously described in animal studies. To evaluate the effect of raising portal, but not peripheral, glucose levels during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, we performed hypoglycemic clamp studies in five healthy adult males on two occasions. On one occasion, subjects received oral glucose (OG) (25 g) during hypoglycemia; and on one occasion, noncarbohydrate-containing drink of equal volume, while maintaining plasma glucose at 55 ± 2 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). As a result, there were no significant differences in systemic plasma glucose levels between the two hypoglycemic clamp studies, and basal CRH concentrations were also similar. As expected, there was a brisk rise in all CRH during the control (hypoglycemia+noncarbohydrate drink) study. In the experimental study, administration of OG (hypoglycemia+OG), to raise intraportal glucose levels during systemic hypoglycemia, did not attenuate CRH responses. Indeed, OG enhanced the rise in epinephrine, glucagon, and GH. Increases in cortisol and norepinephrine did not differ between the two studies. Therefore, our data suggest that increasing the level of glucose in the portal vein above that in the systemic circulation, during hypoglycemia, enhances (rather than suppresses) CRH responses. Thus, ingestion of glucose may reverse hypoglycemia directly by provision of substrate, as well as indirectly by stimulating counteregulatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Equine hyperinsulinemia: investigation of the enteroinsular axis during insulin dysregulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. E61-E72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. de Laat ◽  
J. M. McGree ◽  
M. N. Sillence
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Enteroinsular Axis ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness ◽  
Proximal Intestine

Compared with some other species, insulin dysregulation in equids is poorly understood. However, hyperinsulinemia causes laminitis, a significant and often lethal disease affecting the pedal bone/hoof wall attachment site. Until recently, hyperinsulinemia has been considered a counterregulatory response to insulin resistance (IR), but there is growing evidence to support a gastrointestinal etiology. Incretin hormones released from the proximal intestine, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, augment insulin secretion in several species but require investigation in horses. This study investigated peripheral and gut-derived factors impacting insulin secretion by comparing the response to intravenous (iv) and oral d-glucose. Oral and iv tests were performed in 22 ponies previously shown to be insulin dysregulated, of which only 15 were classified as IR (iv test). In a more detailed study, nine different ponies received four treatments: d-glucose orally, d-glucose iv, oats, and commercial grain mix. Insulin, glucose, and incretin concentrations were measured before and after each treatment. All nine ponies showed similar iv responses, but five were markedly hyperresponsive to oral d-glucose and four were not. Insulin responsiveness to oral d-glucose was strongly associated with blood glucose concentrations and oral glucose bioavailability, presumably driven by glucose absorption/distribution, as there was no difference in glucose clearance rates. Insulin was also positively associated with the active amide of GLP-1 following d-glucose and grain. This study has confirmed a functional enteroinsular axis in ponies that likely contributes to insulin dysregulation that may predispose them to laminitis. Moreover, iv tests for IR are not reliable predictors of the oral response to dietary nonstructural carbohydrate.

Improvement of Oral Glucose Tolerance in the Dog by Feeding Trypsin Inhibitor Role of the Enteroinsular Axis

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
R. H. Meister ◽  
R. Anetsberger ◽  
I. Berger ◽  
P. O. Schwille
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Enteroinsular Axis

Fish oil diets do not improve insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy adult male pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexandre Castellano ◽  
Isabelle Audet ◽  
Jean-Paul Laforest ◽  
Yvan Chouinard ◽  
J. Jacques Matte
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Adult Male

The effects of long-term dietary supplementation of fish oil (n-3 PUFA-rich) in adult male pigs on body condition as well as insulin sensitivity and secretion were examined. Fifteen Duroc boars aged 204·5 (sd 9·4) d (body weight 145·8 (sd 16·8) kg) received daily 2·5 kg basal diet with a supplement of: (1) 62 g hydrogenated animal fat (n 5); (2) 60 g menhaden oil containing 10·8 g DHA and 9·0 g EPA (n 6); (3) 60 g tuna oil containing 19·8 g DHA and 3·9 g EPA (n 4). Rations were balanced to be isoenergetic. After 7 months of treatments, oral glucose and meal tolerance tests were conducted after insertion of a catheter into the jugular vein. Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA altered the blood plasma profile: DHA and EPA increased whereas arachidonic acid decreased (P < 0·01). Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose and the test meal were not affected by treatments (P>0·34). For all animals, total body fat estimated from body weight and back fat thickness was correlated with both β-cell function (by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA); r+0·63) and insulin sensitivity (index of whole-body insulin sensitivity and by HOMA; r − 0·63 and r+0·66, respectively). In conclusion, long-term supplementation with dietary n-3 PUFA did not affect insulin metabolism in healthy adult male pigs. The relationship between body fat and insulin sensitivity, well documented in human subjects, suggests that the adult male pig could be a promising animal model for studies on insulin metabolism.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic Activities of Uli Banana Leaves on Oral Sugar Tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Phebe Hendra ◽  
Nona Rizki ◽  
Elin Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Trapezoidal Rule ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Sugar Tolerance ◽  
Banana Leaves

Banana has been widely cultivated. This study aimed to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of Uli banana leaves infusion. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated by oral glucose and sucrose tolerance test. A bolus of sugar was given after Uli banana leaves infusion and blood was sampled at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes for glucose analyses. The trapezoidal rule was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) blood glucose. Infusion of Uli banana leaves 3.3 g/kg showed a significant decrease AUC (p<0.05) in the glucose tolerance test, while that of dose 0.8 g/kg reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the sucrose tolerance test. The results showed that Uli banana leaves infusion possesses antihyperglycemic effect in mice.

Interleukin 10-induced thrombocytopenia in normal healthy adult volunteers: evidence for decreased platelet production

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Sosman ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Steven Moss ◽  
Patricia Sorokin ◽  
Michael Blend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Platelet Production ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Oral Glucose Tolerance as a Test of Liver Function

1953 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Rankin ◽  
Robert L. Jenson ◽  
Mahlon Delp
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Asians React Differently to Oral Glucose Test

Ob Gyn News ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. KIRN
Keyword(s):  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test
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