Community pharmacy staff oral health training, training needs and professional self‐efficacy related to managing children’s dental problems

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) is the “ability to find, understand, evaluate and put information to use to improve decision making and, ultimately, improve health and quality of life.” Parents with limited HL are less likely to follow recommended parental oral health behaviors. Purpose We tested a theoretical framework designed to clarify mechanisms through which HL may influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL: (a) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy; perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), and behavior; (b) influences beliefs indirectly through knowledge; and (c) influences behavior indirectly through knowledge and beliefs. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 521). Parents completed survey questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, HL, and parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the framework. Results HL exerted significant direct effects on knowledge and beliefs but not behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on all beliefs through knowledge. Significant indirect effects of HL on behavior occurred through self-efficacy (estimate: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.83, p = .005), perceived barriers (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43, p = .010), knowledge to self-efficacy (estimate: 0.57, 95% CI: .31, 0.98, p = .001), and knowledge to perceived barriers (estimate: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.47, p = .012). Conclusions HL exerted an indirect effect on parental oral health behavior, with knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers being the primary constructs linking HL to behavior.

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The Impact of Maternal Self-Efficacy and Oral Health Beliefs on Early Childhood Caries in Latino Children

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2017.00228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anne R. Wilson ◽

Matthew J. Mulvahill ◽

Tamanna Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Latino Children ◽

Oral Health Beliefs ◽

The Impact ◽

Childhood Caries

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Qualitative study using interviews and focus groups to explore the current and potential for antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacy informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e025101 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Leah Ffion Jones ◽

Rebecca Owens ◽

Anna Sallis ◽

Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽

Tracey Thornley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Community Pharmacy ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Self Care ◽

Intervention Development ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Pharmacy Staff ◽

Barriers And Opportunities ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesCommunity pharmacists and their staff have the potential to contribute to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). However, their barriers and opportunities are not well understood. The aim was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of community pharmacists and their teams around AMS to inform intervention development.DesignInterviews and focus groups were used to explore the views of pharmacists, pharmacy staff, general practitioners (GPs), members of pharmacy organisations and commissioners. The questioning schedule was developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework which helped inform recommendations to facilitate AMS in community pharmacy.Results8 GPs, 28 pharmacists, 13 pharmacy staff, 6 representatives from pharmacy organisations in England and Wales, and 2 local stakeholders participated.Knowledge and skills both facilitated or hindered provision of self-care and compliance advice by different grades of pharmacy staff. Some staff were not aware of the impact of giving self-care and compliance advice to help control antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The pharmacy environment created barriers to AMS; this included lack of time of well-qualified staff leading to misinformation from underskilled staff to patients about the need for antibiotics or the need to visit the GP, this was exacerbated by lack of space. AMS activities were limited by absent diagnoses on antibiotic prescriptions.Several pharmacy staff felt that undertaking patient examinations, questioning the rationale for antibiotic prescriptions and performing audits would allow them to provide more tailored AMS advice.ConclusionsInterventions are required to overcome a lack of qualified staff, time and space to give patients AMS advice. Staff need to understand how self-care and antibiotic compliance advice can help control AMR. A multifaceted educational intervention including information for staff with feedback about the advice given may help. Indication for a prescription would enable pharmacists to provide more targeted antibiotic advice. Commissioners should consider the pharmacists’ role in examining patients, and giving advice about antibiotic prescriptions.

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Current training provision and training needs in oral health for UK general practice trainees: survey of General Practitioner Training Programme Directors

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-016-0663-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Aneeta Ahluwalia ◽

Tim Crossman ◽

Helen Smith

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

General Practitioner ◽

Oral Health ◽

Training Programme ◽

Training Needs ◽

Practitioner Training ◽

And Training

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Self-efficacy and reasoned action: Predicting oral health status and behaviour at one, three, and six month intervals

Psychology and Health ◽

10.1080/08870449308403172 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 105-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lisa A. Tedesco ◽

Michele A. Keffer ◽

Elaine L. Davis ◽

Lars A. Christersson

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Oral Health Status

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Australian Community Pharmacy Harm-Minimisation Services: Scope for Service Expansion to Improve Healthcare Access

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9020095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Sara S. McMillan ◽

Hidy Chan ◽

Laetitia H. Hattingh

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Healthcare Access ◽

Further Education ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Pharmacy Staff ◽

Harm Minimisation ◽

Staff Members ◽

Education Support

Community pharmacies are well positioned to participate in harm-minimisation services to reduce harms caused by both licit and illicit substances. Considering developments in pharmacist practices and the introduction of new professional pharmacy services, we identified a need to explore the contemporary role of community pharmacy in harm minimisation. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the opinions of stakeholders, pharmacy staff, and clients about the role of community pharmacy in harm minimisation, including provision of current services, experiences, and expectations. Participants (n = 28) included 5 stakeholders, 9 consumers, and 14 staff members from seven community pharmacies. Three over-arching themes were identified across the three participants groups: (i) scope and provision, (ii) complexity, and (iii) importance of person-centred advice and support in relation to community pharmacy harm minimisation services. Community pharmacies are valuable healthcare destinations for delivery of harm minimisation services, with scope for service expansion. Further education, support, and remuneration are needed, as well as linkage to other sector providers, in order to ensure that pharmacists and pharmacy staff are well equipped to provide a range of harm minimisation services.

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