scholarly journals Reinvigorating the social contract and strengthening social cohesion: Social protection responses to COVID‐19

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Shahra Razavi ◽  
Christina Behrendt ◽  
Mira Bierbaum ◽  
Ian Orton ◽  
Lou Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Social

Gendering the General Will: Frankenstein’s Breaches of Contract

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Beenstock
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
General Will ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Creation Stories

As a sociable being that is barred from society, Frankenstein’s monster presents a sustained engagement with social contract theory’s major dilemma of whether individualism can produce sociability. The male creature’s isolation and inner disunity suggest that contract theory displaces men and is unable to concatenate even those members that should be eligible for full citizenship. Shelley focuses on the gender inequality of contract theory through her different creation stories of the creatures’ bodies. In Victor’s decision not to complete the female creature she rejects Wollstonecraft’s revisionist approach to Rousseau, and demonstrates that social contract theory cannot be rewritten to include women. Women are not defined as political subjects but do have independent wills. Therefore, they are potentially resistant to contract and a threat to political control. Contending with Wollstonecraft and Rousseau, and also Coleridge and Godwin, Shelley suggests that intertextual relations produce unpredictable results. The creatures are test cases for the social contract’s respective failures in terms of social cohesion and gender.

Corruption and the Social Contract of the Welfare State

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Political Support ◽  
General Level ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
New Research ◽  
Positive Effect

New research shows that issues related to various forms of malpractice in the implementation of social policies have a huge impact on the possibility of gaining citizens’ support for social policies. While the extension of social policies in different countries can be explained by referring to variation in political mobilization, there is also an argument for understanding this from a social contract approach. Even if a majority of citizens understand that they stand to gain from a more universal and encompassing system for social protection, a lack of trust may prevent them from transforming the demand to actual political support for such a system. Lastly, a universal and encompassing system is likely to have a positive effect on the general level of social trust and creates a sense of loyalty towards the state, which in turn is likely to lower the inclination to take part in corrupt exchanges.

scholarly journals Formation of the Institution of Social Contract In Conditions of Digital Economy in Modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Vidadi Gafizovich Asadov
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income Families

The article makes an attempt to analyze a new type of social assistance to low-income citizens, low-income families, as well as citizens in a difficult life situation in order to formulate proposals for its improvement. The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin during the meeting with senators held on 23 September 2020 pointed out that "One of the key factors in war on poverty is the social contract" (https://ria.ru/20200923/bednost-1577654986.html). The social contract is a very effective type of social assistance, as it is aimed to activating the citizens themselves in increasing their level of material security. As a result of the contract, they get the opportunity to find a permanent income, including by opening their own business or running a personal subsidiary farm, solve their difficult life situation, retraining. Despite the positive dynamics of the increase in the number of signed social contracts, the mechanism of these contracts itself needs to be improved. In particular, the author suggests that social protection institutions move to proactive social work with poor citizens, informing them more fully about the features of the social contract. It is also proposed to transfer the distribution of quotas for the conclusion of a social contract in various areas of the activities carried out within its framework to the subjects of the Russian Federation, to revise the terms of the social contract in the direction of «job search».

scholarly journals Social Protection and State–Society Relations in Environments of Low and Uneven State Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Arthur Alik-Lagrange ◽  
Sarah K. Dreier ◽  
Milli Lake ◽  
Alesha Porisky
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
State Relations

Grounded in social-contractual ideas about relationships between the governed and those who govern, the provision of social benefits to citizens has historically been predicated on expectations of acquiescence to state authority. However, the rapid expansion of noncontributory social assistance in sub-Saharan Africa, often supported by global donors through technical assistance programs, raises myriad questions about the relationship between social protection and the social contract in fragile and low-capacity contexts. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, but drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature on social protection from around the world, this review parses out the redistributive, contractual, and reconstitutive effects of social protection programming on citizen–state relations. We argue that program features—including targeting, conditionality, accountability mechanisms, bureaucratic reach, and the nature and visibility of state–nonstate partnerships—interact dialectically with existing state–society relationships to engender different social contract outcomes for differently situated populations.

Social inclusion of the older population in response to the 2008 financial tsunami in Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAU-KIU CHEUNG ◽  
KWAN-KWOK LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Older Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSocial inclusion of the older population in employment, housing, social protection and other livelihood aspects was predicted to suffer because of the financial tsunami in Hong Kong in 2008. An expected mitigating factor of the impact on social inclusion was social cohesion, which is the focus of the present study. A total of 1,352 Hong Kong Chinese adults were surveyed in 2009. The results show that social cohesion is perceived in Hong Kong to have mitigated the negative impact of the financial tsunami in terms of support for public policy relating to social inclusion of the older population. These results have implications for sustaining social cohesion as a means to promote the social inclusion of the older population.

scholarly journals Developing risk or resilience? Effects of slum upgrading on the social contract and social cohesion in Kibera, Nairobi

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Mitra ◽  
Joe Mulligan ◽  
Janpeter Schilling ◽  
Jamilla Harper ◽  
Janani Vivekananda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Youth Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Bonding Capital

In Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, major development efforts are underway – namely, the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme (Kibera Pilot), the Nairobi Railway Relocation Action Plan, and the National Youth Service-led Kibera Slum Upgrade Initiative. This paper assesses how such interventions affect the social contract and social cohesion, and hence the resilience of Kibera residents. We examine the extent to which different types of slum upgrading efforts address risks in Kibera, particularly around conflict and flooding. Our findings show that these interventions can reduce conflict, crime, insecurity and flood risks, and subsequently strengthen resilience in highly dense and complex urban environments, if they do three things: first, include processes that build the social contract (such as meaningful consultation of residents and social accountability mechanisms); second, build bridging social capital between ethnic groups and avoid reducing bonding capital within groups; and third, integrate different sectoral interventions.

Innovative approaches to improving the management system in the sphere of social protection of the population

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Mahortov ◽  
Nataliya Telichko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The system of social’s defence of population is considered as object of state administration. Basic problems in her structure are educed under the prism of foreign experience of the European countries. The ways of reformation and realization of state administrations of the social defense’s system of population in Ukraine and development of effective mechanism of its management are offer.

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