Habitat structure and fish predation: effects on invertebrate colonisation and breakdown of stream leaf packs

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL R. RUETZ ◽  
MATTHEW J. BREEN ◽  
DANA L. VANHAITSMA
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Leaf Packs ◽  
Predation Effects

Effects of fish predation in erosional and depositional habitats in a temperate stream

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Temperate Stream

Combined effects of predation by benthic and drift-foraging fish (prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch) parr) on benthic invertebrate community and trophic structure were evaluated in Mayfly Creek, a previously fishless stream in the Coast Range Mountains of British Columbia. The role of microhabitat (substrate) in mediating predation effects was assessed by comparing invertebrate community structure on unglazed ceramic tiles and gravel baskets nested within enclosures. The role of macrohabitat was evaluated by placing enclosures in pool and riffle habitats. Effects of fish predation were most pronounced on tile substrate and in riffle habitat and least pronounced on gravel substrate in pool habitat. The presence of fish caused a decrease in abundance of larger-bodied herbivores (primarily the mayflies Ameletus and Baetis) and had positive indirect effects on algae and smaller invertebrates (primarily Orthocladiinae chironomids and nemourid stoneflies), probably through competitive release. In contrast with herbivores, detritivorous invertebrates were less influenced by fish predation and more highly correlated with the abundance of organic detritus. The distribution and abundance of detritivores in Mayfly Creek appear to be primarily influenced by bottom-up forces (implying resource limitation), while grazers in algal-based food chains are more strongly influenced by top-down effects (fish predation).

Fish predation effects on body length of planktonic cladocerans and copepods in Chilean lakes

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Zooplankton Size ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Total Body

The zooplankton assemblages in Chilean lakes are characterized by their markedly low species numbers and dominance of calanoid copepods. Nevertheless, the effects of zooplanktivorous fish predation on zooplankton size in these communities have not yet been studied in detail. The aim of the present study was to analyse the total length in the main groups of zooplanktonic crustaceans in Chilean lakes: Copepoda: Calanoida, and Cladocera: Daphniidae, as well as “small cladocerans” (specifically the families Bosminidae and Chydoridae). The results revealed that in the presence of fish, total body length decreased significantly for calanoid copepods, whereas for other groups that presence has no significant effect. In sites with fishes, daphniids are significantly larger in comparison with the other groups of the zooplankton community, whereas in sites without fishes calanoids are significant larger in comparison with those other groups. These results would indicate that calanoids would be the main prey for zooplanktivorous fishes in Chilean lakes. Similar results have been reported for Argentinean Patagonian lakes.

Effects of juvenile fish predation (Cyprinus carpio L.) on the composition and diversity of free-living freshwater nematode assemblages

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Food Web Ecology ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Predation Effects

Free-living nematodes are well recognised as an abundant and ubiquitous component of meiobenthic communities, where they serve as a link between microbial production and higher trophic levels. However, the effect of fish predation on nematode assemblages is almost unknown. In this study, the predation effects of the benthivorous juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) on nematode abundance, biomass, diversity and species composition in the littoral zone of a natural freshwater pond were examined over 310 days using field enclosures and exclosures. Fish predation altered the abundance and biomass of nematodes, and especially of the dominant species Tobrilus gracilis, Eumonhystera filiformis and Monhystera paludicola/stagnalis. Species richness and species composition, but not the diversity and feeding type of nematode assemblages, were affected by fish predation. Our study provides insights into the food-web ecology of lakes and the first evidence of freshwater fish predation effects on nematode assemblages in a natural habitat.

Effects of predation on telemetry-based survival estimates: insights from a study on endangered Atlantic salmon smolts

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jamie F. Gibson ◽  
Edmund A. Halfyard ◽  
Rod G. Bradford ◽  
Michael J.W. Stokesbury ◽  
Anna M. Redden
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Predation Effects

Telemetry is increasingly being used to estimate population-level survival rates. However, these estimates may be affected by the detectability of telemetry tags and are reliant on the assumption that telemetry data represent the movements of the tagged fish. Predation on tagged fish has the potential to bias survival estimates, and unlike the issue of detectability, methods to correct for the resulting bias (termed “predation bias”) are not yet developed. In an acoustic telemetry study on inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during 2008 and 2011, unusual tag detection patterns were indicative that some data may have been representative of the movements of predators rather than smolts. To incorporate predation effects into the resulting survival estimates, a suite of 11 summary migration metrics were compared between Atlantic salmon smolts and striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Cluster analyses revealed that 2.4% to 13.6% of tags implanted in smolts exhibited migration patterns more similar to striped bass than to other smolts, which was interpreted here as evidence of predation. Reassigning the fate of these tags as “depredated–died” reduced estimated survival from 43.5% to 41.1% in 2008 and from 32.6% to 19.0% in 2011 relative to a traditional mark–recapture model, illustrating the effect of predation bias in this case study.

Hydrology driven factors might weaken fish predation effects on zooplankton structure in a vegetated warm temperate floodplain lake

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 752 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griselda Chaparro ◽  
María Soledad Fontanarrosa ◽  
Daniel Cataldo ◽  
Inés O’Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Fish Predation ◽  
Floodplain Lake ◽  
Zooplankton Structure ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Warm Temperate

scholarly journals Effects of fish predation on density and size spectra of prey fish communities in lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Caroline Keeling ◽  
Matthias Emmrich ◽  
Kerstin Holmgren ◽  
Christine Argillier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Predation Effects

Planktivorous and benthivorous fish have been documented to influence the density and size structure of their prey communities in lakes. We hypothesized that piscivorous fish modify their prey fish communities in the same way and sought to find evidence for such predation effects from a comparison across 356 lakes located in nine European ecoregions. We categorized individual fish as being piscivore, nonpiscivore, or prey of piscivores, depending on species and individual size. We calculated piscivore, nonpiscivore, and piscivore prey densities, respectively, and fit linear abundance size spectra (SS) on lake-specific piscivore, nonpiscivore, and piscivore-prey size distributions. Multiple linear regressions were calculated to quantify the effect of piscivore density and SS slopes on nonpiscivore and piscivore-prey densities and SS slopes by accounting for potentially confounding factors arising from lake morphometry, productivity, and local air temperature. Piscivore density correlated positively with piscivore-prey density but was uncorrelated with density of nonpiscivores. Across a subset of 76 lakes for which SS slopes of piscivores were statistically significant, SS slopes of piscivores were uncorrelated with SS slopes of either nonpiscivores or piscivore prey. However, densities of piscivores, nonpiscivores, or piscivore prey were a significant negative predictor of SS slopes of the respective groups. Our analyses suggest that direct predation effects by piscivorous fish on density and size structure of prey fish communities are weak in European lakes, likely caused by low predator–prey size ratios and the resulting size refuges for prey fish. In contrast, competition may substantially contribute to between-lake variability in fish density and size.

scholarly journals Subfossil Chironomidae (Diptera) in surface sediments of the sinkholes (cenotes) of the Yucatan Peninsula: Diversity and distribution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hamerlík ◽  
Marta Wojewodka ◽  
Edyta Zawisza ◽  
Sergio Cohuo Duran ◽  
Laura Macario-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Total Diversity

Cenotes (sinkholes), formed by the dissolution of the carbonate rock, are the most common waterbodies on the Yucatan Peninsula. Despite their unique features and great amount in the region, our knowledge on the biota of cenotes remains fragmentary. Within the present study we analysed chironomid remains from surface sediment of ten cenotes situated in SE Mexico. In total, 20 taxa of 17 genera were recorded, and the total diversity was estimated to ~30 taxa. The most common taxa were Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp., Tanytarsus ortoni-type, Fittkauimyia sp., Labrundinia sp. and Endotribelos sp. There was a great variability in head capsule abundance among cenotes, ranging from 1 to 64 individuals per site with significantly higher number of remains recorded in open cenotes compared to the closed, cavern types. The results indicate that beside ecological features, such as low trophy, oxygen depletion, simplified habitat structure and fish predation, there are also taphonomical processes connected to the specific nature of cenotes that can hinder the accumulation of biological remains in the sediment. We conclude that due to poor sedimentation and preservation of remains, cenotes have limited potential for palaeolimnological studies.

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