Has urbanization become a risk factor for dental caries in Kerala, India: a cross-sectional study of children aged 6 and 12 years

Background: Due to the sensitizing constituents of eye cosmetics, allergic contact dermatitis is considered a frequent cause of eyelid dermatitis. An association between eyelid dermatitis and nickel contained in make-ups remains controversial. Objective: The study aimed to assess the association between nickel allergy, the use of pigmented makeup products and self-reported eyelid dermatitis. Method: This multi-centric, cross-sectional study enrolled 165 women sensitized to nickel (patients) and 103 women without intolerance to metals (controls). We recorded: demographics, atopy, use of pigmented eye cosmetics (mascara, eyeshadow, eyeliner, eyebrow pencil), and previous eyelid dermatitis. Among the patients, any co-sensitization to cosmetics or metals was recorded. Results: 87.3% of the patients and 91.3% of the controls reported their use of eye make-up; 44.9% and 52.4%, respectively, reported previous episodes of eyelid dermatitis, without significant differences. The occurrence of eyelid dermatitis was significantly associated with the use of eye make-up products, both in general and considering each product separately. Age, atopy, or co-sensitization to other metals or cosmetics did not affect the occurrence of eyelid dermatitis. Conclusion: Nickel allergy should not be considered the main risk factor for eyelid dermatitis. The use of pigmented eye make-up may be a triggering factor for eyelid dermatitis, probably due to an irritant action.

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Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 765

Author(s):

Qiping Yang ◽

Yue Xi ◽

Hanmei Liu ◽

Jing Luo ◽

Yufeng Ouyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Food Sources ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Targeted Interventions

This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.

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Relationship between the fungiform papillae number and dental caries in primary teeth: a cross-sectional study

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-021-03983-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elif Ece Kalaoglu ◽

Belgin Yazici ◽

Ali Mentes

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fungiform Papillae ◽

Cross Sectional

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Oral Health Status of 12-Year-Old Hani Children in the Yunnan Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5294

Author(s):

Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽

Ni Zhou ◽

Biao Xu ◽

Yuexiao Li ◽

Shinan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gingival Bleeding

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health status of Hani 12-year-old children in Yunnan, a province in Southwest China. Method: This study employed a multistage sampling method to recruit children from local primary schools. Two calibrated dentists examined the status of dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis by adopting the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Results: This study invited 480 Hani children, and recruited 413 children (52% boys) (response rate: 86%). The dental caries prevalence was 52%, and the caries experience associated with the mean (standard deviation) decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 1.10 (1.46). Gingival bleeding was diagnosed in 252 children (61%), and dental fluorosis was found in two children (0.5%). The results of the regression model indicated the prevalence of dental caries were associated with sugary snacking habits (p = 0.002). The prevalence of gingival bleeding was related to the mother’s education level as well as the child’s monthly pocket money (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries and gingival bleeding were prevalent among 12-year-old Hani children in the Yunnan province in China. Dental fluorosis was uncommon.

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Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e042908

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Jialan Hong ◽

Xueting Yu ◽

Qiulin Liu ◽

Andi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Household Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

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Correction to: Psoriasis as risk factor for non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-01984-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abbas Alshami ◽

Nasam Alfraji ◽

Steven Douedi ◽

Swapnil Patel ◽

Mohammad Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Pre-schoolers’ tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01643-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iqra Muhammad Khan ◽

Shani Ann Mani ◽

Jennifer Geraldine Doss ◽

Mahmoud Danaee ◽

Lydia Yi Li Kong

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Parental Involvement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Parental Supervision ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plaque Score

Abstract Background Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors. Results Girls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children. Conclusions Preschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.

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