Scaling sun and shade photosynthetic acclimation of Alocasia macrorrhiza to whole-plant performance - I. Carbon balance and allocation at different daily photon flux densities

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. SIMS ◽  
R. W. PEARCY
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sun And Shade

Herbaceous monocot plant form and function along a tropical rain-forest light gradient: a reversal of dicot strategy

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Degree

Whole plant form and function vary spectacularly across the seed plants. In recent years, plant evolutionary ecologists have begun to document this diversity on large geographic scales by analysing ‘functional traits’ that are indicative of whole plant performance across environmental gradients (Swenson & Enquist 2007, Wright et al. 2004). Despite the high degree of functional diversity in tropical forests, convergence in function does occur locally along successional or light gradients (Bazzaz & Pickett 1980, Swaine & Whitmore 1988).

scholarly journals In Situ Estimation of Carbon Balance of In Vitro Sweetpotato and Tomato Plantlets Cultured with Varying Initial Sucrose Concentrations in the Medium

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Makiko Ezawa ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Sandra B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Species Specific

The effects of initial sucrose (suc) concentrations in the medium (S0) on the carbon balance and growth of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. `Beniazuma'] and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `HanaQueen') plantlets were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Plantlets were cultured with 0, 7.5, 15, or 30 g·L-1 of S0 under high photosynthetic photon flux (160 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and CO2 enriched (1400 to 2050 μmol·mol-1) conditions. Net photosynthetic rate per leaf area (Pl) decreased and dry weight per plantlet (Wd) increased with increasing S0, but did not differ significantly between S0 of 7.5 to 30 g·L-1 for sweetpotato or 15 to 30 g·L-1 for tomato. Carbon influxes and effluxes of the plantlets by metabolism of medium suc and/or photosynthesis, and respiration were estimated based on measurements of in situ and steady state CO2 exchange rates and sugar uptake during culture. At S0 from 7.5 to 30 g·L-1, photosynthesis was responsible for 82% to 92% and 60% to 67% of carbohydrate assimilation for sweetpotato and tomato, respectively. Estimated carbon balances of plantlets based on the estimated and actual increases of moles of carbon in plant tissue demonstrated that in situ estimation of carbon balance was reasonably accurate for sweetpotato at S0 of 0 to 15 g·L-1 and for tomato at S0 of 0 g·L-1 and that the actual contribution of photosynthesis for tomato at high S0 might be lower than the values estimated in the present experiment. Results showed that initial suc concentration affected the relative contribution of photosynthesis on their carbon balances and that the responses were species specific. The failure of validation at S0 in a range specific to each species suggested the need for further study on carbon metabolism of in vitro plantlets cultured with sugar in the medium.

Grapevines under drought do not express esca leaf symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (43) ◽  
pp. e2112825118
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bortolami ◽  
Gregory A. Gambetta ◽  
Cédric Cassan ◽  
Silvina Dayer ◽  
Elena Farolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

In the context of climate change, plant mortality is increasing worldwide in both natural and agroecosystems. However, our understanding of the underlying causes is limited by the complex interactions between abiotic and biotic factors and the technical challenges that limit investigations of these interactions. Here, we studied the interaction between two main drivers of mortality, drought and vascular disease (esca), in one of the world’s most economically valuable fruit crops, grapevine. We found that drought totally inhibited esca leaf symptom expression. We disentangled the plant physiological response to the two stresses by quantifying whole-plant water relations (i.e., water potential and stomatal conductance) and carbon balance (i.e., CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll, and nonstructural carbohydrates). Our results highlight the distinct physiology behind these two stress responses, indicating that esca (and subsequent stomatal conductance decline) does not result from decreases in water potential and generates different gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrate seasonal dynamics compared to drought.

Carbon Balance, Transpiration, and Biomass Partitioning of Glyphosate-Treated Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Fernandez ◽  
Kevin J. McInnes ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Companion Plants

Whole plant studies were conducted to examine the effects of glyphosate on components of carbon balance, transpiration, and biomass partitioning of wheat plants grown in Olton sandy clay loam soil and in a well-aerated fritted clay medium under controlled environmental conditions. Well-irrigated plants were transferred from a nursery room into a test chamber about 48 d after planting. Two to five days later, 12 to 42 ml of a glyphosate solution with a concentration of 480 mg ai L–1were sprayed until full coverage of the foliage. Environmental conditions in the chamber were air temperature 25 C, dew point 18 C, windspeed 1.1 m s–1, and PPFD 1500 mmol m–2s–1(at the top of the foliage) for 12 h daily. Glyphosate treatment resulted in destruction of the root system, as determined at the end of the tests, and at the start of tests using companion plants. Plants grown in soil lost 0.53 kg kg–1of the initial root mass, while this loss was 0.38 kg kg–1in plants grown in fritted clay. Glyphosate treatment rapidly inhibited daily rates of gross carbon uptake and transpiration of wheat plants grown in both media. Effects occurred more than twice as rapidly in plants grown in soil as in fritted day. Similarity in the patterns of inhibition of gross carbon uptake and transpiration suggests that glyphosate may also affect leaf stomata. After applying glyphosate, daily rates of carbon loss increased for 3 d in soil-grown plants but remained almost constant for 10 d in plants grown in fritted clay; thereafter, the rates of carbon loss declined. The early increase or the constancy of carbon loss observed after applying glyphosate was related to catabolic processes occurring in roots.

Influence of radiation and CO2 enrichment on whole plant net CO2 exchange in roses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jiao ◽  
M. J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bud Size

At three stages of flowering shoot development, varying the irradiance and CO2 levels had a similar effect on the whole-plant net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) of Samantha rose plants. At 22 °C, the NCER was saturated at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The duration of the light period was also important in determining daily carbon (C) gain. When roses were exposed to a constant daily radiant energy dose of 17.6 μmol m−2 provided either as a 12-h irradiation interval at 410 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR or 24 h of irradiation at 204 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR, the plants exposed to 24 h of continuous irradiation at the lower photon flux density retained 80% more C. Under saturating irradiance, the net photosynthetic rate at an enriched (1000 μL L−1) CO2 level was almost double that at ambient (350 μL L−1) CO2. However, plants grown at ambient and enriched CO2 levels had similar whole-plant NCERs when compared at the same assay CO2 level. Under CO2 enrichment the flower stem was longer and thicker but the flower bud size at harvest was not significantly different to that of roses grown at the ambient CO2 level. Key words: CO2 enrichment, daily carbon gain, net CO2 exchange rate, radiation, Rosa hybrida

scholarly journals A meta‐analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Poorter ◽  
Ülo Niinemets ◽  
Nikolaos Ntagkas ◽  
Alrun Siebenkäs ◽  
Maarit Mäenpää ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Annual carbon balance of a peatland 10 yr following restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2885-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Strack ◽  
Y. C. A. Zuback
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Annual Carbon Balance

Abstract. Undisturbed peatlands represent long-term net sinks of carbon; however, peat extraction converts these systems into large and persistent sources of greenhouse gases. Although rewetting and restoration following peat extraction have taken place over the last several decades, very few studies have investigated the longer term impact of this restoration on peatland carbon balance. We determined the annual carbon balance of a former horticulturally-extracted peatland restored 10 yr prior to the study and compared these values to the carbon balance measured at neighboring unrestored and natural sites. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured using the chamber technique biweekly during the growing season from May to October 2010 and three times over the winter period. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export was measured from remnant ditches in the unrestored and restored sites. During the growing season the restored site had greater uptake of CO2 than the natural site when photon flux density was greater than 1000 μmol m−2 s−1, while the unrestored site remained a source of CO2. Ecosystem respiration was similar between natural and restored sites, which were both significantly lower than the unrestored site. Methane flux remained low at the restored site except from open water pools, created as part of restoration, and remnant ditches. Export of DOC during the growing season was 5.0 and 28.8 g m−2 from the restored and unrestored sites, respectively. Due to dry conditions during the study year all sites acted as net carbon sources with annual balance of the natural, restored and unrestored sites of 250.7, 148.0 and 546.6 g C m−2, respectively. Although hydrological conditions and vegetation community at the restored site remained intermediate between natural and unrestored conditions, peatland restoration resulted in a large reduction in annual carbon loss from the system resulting in a carbon balance more similar to a natural peatland.

scholarly journals Inhibition by NaCl of Net CO2 Fixation and Yield of Cucumber

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Drew ◽  
Pamela S. Hold ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Fidelio) grown in sand culture in the greenhouse was trickle-irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0, 10, or 50 mm NaCl. Gas exchange of Individual leaves was measured by a portable infrared gas analyzer et saturating photosynthetic photon flux. Salt at 10 mm had no detectable effect on plant performance, but exposure to 50 mm NaCl caused net CO2 fixation to decline by 33% and 48% in the eighth and ninth oldest leaves, respectively. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also reduced (≈ 50%) In these leaves. These differences, as well as lower leaf water potentials, were associated with a 60% reduction in fruit fresh weight. The relationship between net CO2 fixation and intercellular (substomatal) CO2 concentrations was determined for individual, attached leaves of plants with roots exposed to various concentrations of NaCl in hydroponics. With 50 and 100 mm NaCl, a nonstomatal contribution to the inhibition of photosynthesis at the chloroplast level was Indicated by strong inhibition of CO, fixation at a saturating CO2 concentration. Salt-induced inhibition of CO2 fixation was associated with accumulation of Na+ and Cl-, and lower K+ in the individual leaves examined.

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