Multiplication of some South American and European Populations of Potato Cyst Nematodes on Potatoes Possessing the Resistance Genes H1, H2and H3

Progressive methods of molecular analyses of DNA are routinely used in the fields of zoological and botanical taxonomy, pest management and plant breeding. Knowledge of species-composition in populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida) is very important for selection of appropriate measure of regulation PCN’s occurrence. The molecular method for distinguishing of PCN species is described in this article. European populations of PCN – &Scaron;luknov (Ro1), Obersteinbach (Ro2), Harmerz (Ro5), Kalle (Pa2), Chavornay (Pa3), Delmsen (Pa3), and some cysts of unknown pathotype from Ka&scaron;perské hory (K) locality were used. Species-specific sets of primers for ITS-1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) amplification were designed on base of known sequences ITS-1 of both PCN species by using of freeware Primers! for the World Wide Web. By using of set Fro1-Rro1 was product 411 bp detected (only in cause G. rostochiensis), by using of set Fpa2-Rpa1 the product 239 bp was detected (only G. pallida). For these reasons the identity of the European populations was confirmed. Cysts of population K were identified as G. pallida.

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Resisting Potato Cyst Nematodes With Resistance

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.661194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ulrike Gartner ◽

Ingo Hein ◽

Lynn H. Brown ◽

Xinwei Chen ◽

Sophie Mantelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Concerted Effort ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Effective Component

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are economically important pests with a worldwide distribution in all temperate regions where potatoes are grown. Because above ground symptoms are non-specific, and detection of cysts in the soil is determined by the intensity of sampling, infestations are frequently spread before they are recognised. PCN cysts are resilient and persistent; their cargo of eggs can remain viable for over two decades, and thus once introduced PCN are very difficult to eradicate. Various control methods have been proposed, with resistant varieties being a key environmentally friendly and effective component of an integrated management programme. Wild and landrace relatives of cultivated potato have provided a source of PCN resistance genes that have been used in breeding programmes with varying levels of success. Producing a PCN resistant variety requires concerted effort over many years before it reaches what can be the biggest hurdle—commercial acceptance. Recent advances in potato genomics have provided tools to rapidly map resistance genes and to develop molecular markers to aid selection during breeding. This review will focus on the translation of these opportunities into durably PCN resistant varieties.

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Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) from Swedish potato cultivation - an AFLP study of their genetic diversity and relationships to other European populations

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854103773040754 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 851-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sanja Manduric ◽

Stig Andersson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Strong Support ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Bootstrap Analysis ◽

Considerable Heterogeneity ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Genomic Dnas ◽

European Populations

AbstractSixteen Swedish PCN populations (nine Globodera rostochiensis and seven G. pallida populations) were compared with 20 other European populations (nine G. rostochiensis and 11 G. pallida populations) from Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom in an AFLP study. Seven AFLP primer combinations were used to amplify genomic DNAs extracted from cysts. A dendrogram, based on UPGMA and evaluated by bootstrap analysis, contained two main clusters, one for each species. The Swedish Ro1 populations were very similar to corresponding populations from other parts of Europe. Remaining G. rostochiensis populations appeared as a genetically heterogeneous group with two Swedish populations being most dissimilar. Within G. pallida there was strong support for differentiating Pa1 populations from Pa2/3 populations. All Swedish G. pallida populations were grouped in the Pa2/3 cluster, and there were indications that they might have two main European origins. On the whole, the study indicates that there is considerable heterogeneity in Swedish PCN populations, justifying the maintenance of effective phytosanitary regulations.

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Effects of Various Sewage Sludge Treatment Processes on the Survival of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (Globodera spp.) and the Implications for Disposal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0293 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (8-9) ◽

pp. 909-916

Author(s):

A. M. Spaull ◽

D. M. McCormack ◽

E. B. Pike

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Sludge Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽

Thermophilic Digestion ◽

C 30 ◽

Effluent Exposure ◽

Potato Crops

Samples of sewage sludges, taken over a 12-month period from 9 Scottish sewage works, contained on average 0.24 cysts of Globodera spp. (potato cyst-nematodes) of which 11% were viable. The incidence was not significantly related to season or to the presence of vegetable-processing effluent. Exposure of cysts in sludge to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (35 °C, 30 min) cold anaerobic digestion (9 weeks), pasteurisation (70 °C, 30 min) and aerobic thermophilic digestion (60 °C, ld) reduced viability of eggs within the cysts by almost 100%. Sludges so treated can therefore be considered to be free from infection risk to potato crops, although the non-infective cysts may still be recovered. Treatment with lime at pH 11.5 (20 °C, 24 h), by aerobic stabilisation in an oxidation ditch (7 weeks) and by activated-sludge treatment (5d) did not reduced viability acceptably. Accelerated cold digestion did not reduce viability sufficiently after the usual 15 weeks but rendered eggs completely non-viable after 21 weeks. The results show that even sludge treated to destroy viable cysts should not be applied to land used for growing seed potatoes and subject to testing for freedom from infestation. Treatment destroying viability should increase the acceptability of sludge for ware potato growers, although the numbers of cysts applied in untreated sludge would be unlikely to increase significantly levels of cysts in soils already infested.

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Taxonomy, Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 184

Author(s):

John Wainer ◽

Quang Dinh

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Primary Focus

The scope of this paper is limited to the taxonomy, detection, and reliable morphological and molecular identification of the potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. It describes the nomenclature, hosts, life cycle, pathotypes, and symptoms of the two species. It also provides detailed instructions for soil sampling and extraction of cysts from soil. The primary focus of the paper is the presentation of accurate and effective methods to identify the two principal PCN species.

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