Electrostatic effects and the dynamics of enzyme reactions at the surface of plant cells. 2. The role of pectin methyl esterase in the modulation of electrostatic effects in soybean cell walls

Cell walls are fundamentally involved in many aspects of plant biology including the morphology, growth, and development of plant cells and the interactions between plant hosts and their pathogens. Intuitively, one can recognize that these wall properties result from the sum total of the various components of which the wall is composed and that there are classes of substances each of which impart a characteristic property to the cell wall.

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Electrostatic effects and the dynamics of enzyme reactions at the surface of plant cells. 1. A theory of the ionic control of a complex multi-enzyme system

European Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09475.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 155 (1) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Jacques RICARD ◽

Georges NOAT

Keyword(s):

Enzyme System ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Electrostatic Effects ◽

Enzyme Reactions

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Invasion of Soybean Root Cells in Culture by Rhizobium japonicum.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011653x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

Dan Raveed ◽

Minocher Reporter ◽

Grace Norris

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Rhizobium Japonicum ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Extracellular Material ◽

Root Cells ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Soybean Cell

The initiation of association between cultured soybean root cells and Rhizobia shows specificity under proper conditions of culture. The establishment of these culture conditions for symbiotic association have been described previously. The compatible plant cells produced a filamentous extracellular material which was capable of trapping Rhizobia. Non-compatible cells did not produce extracellular material and were not invaded. In this presentation we have followed the effect of Rhizobial invasion on the wall morphology of the soybean root cells in suspension cultures. Changes in the morphology of the soybean cell walls were then examined as follows.Harosoy root cells were grown in liquid culture in Gamborg's B-5 medium for two weeks. Rhizobium japonicum strain 138 was added to the culture for another 3 days. For this purpose, fixation was carried out by adding glutaraldehyde to the medium to a final concentration of 2%. The cell clumps were fixed 1 hr.

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Stem integrity inArabidopsis thalianarequires a load-bearing epidermis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.198028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 148 (4) ◽

pp. dev198028

Author(s):

Mariko Asaoka ◽

Mao Ooe ◽

Shizuka Gunji ◽

Pascale Milani ◽

Gaël Runel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Expansion ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Specific Strategy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Wall Stiffness ◽

Epidermal Cell Wall

ABSTRACTBecause plant cells are glued to each other via their cell walls, failure to coordinate growth among adjacent cells can create cracks in tissues. Here, we find that the unbalanced growth of inner and outer tissues in theclavata3 de-etiolated3(clv3 det3) mutant ofArabidopsis thalianastretched epidermal cells, ultimately generating cracks in stems. Stem growth slowed before cracks appeared alongclv3 det3stems, whereas inner pith cells became drastically distorted and accelerated their growth, yielding to stress, after the appearance of cracks. This is consistent with a key role of the epidermis in restricting growth. Mechanical property measurements recorded using an atomic force microscope revealed that epidermal cell wall stiffness decreased indet3andclv3 det3epidermises. Thus, we hypothesized that stem integrity depends on the epidermal resistance to mechanical stress. To formally test this hypothesis, we used theDET3gene as part of a tissue-specific strategy to complement cell expansion defects. Epidermis-driven DET3 expression restored growth and restored the frequency of stem cracking to 20% of theclv3 det3mutant, demonstrating the DET3-dependent load-bearing role of the epidermis.

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Nanobiotechnology for Agriculture: Smart Technology for Combating Nutrient Deficiencies with Nanotoxicity Challenges

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1781

Author(s):

Gaurav Chugh ◽

Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽

Zakaria M. Solaiman

Keyword(s):

Targeted Delivery ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Holistic View ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Toxicity Potential ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Nanobiotechnology in agriculture is a driver for modern-day smart, efficient agricultural practices. Nanoparticles have been shown to stimulate plant growth and disease resistance. The goal of sustainable farming can be accomplished by developing and sustainably exploiting the fruits of nanobiotechnology to balance the advantages nanotechnology provides in tackling environmental challenges. This review aims to advance our understanding of nanobiotechnology in relevant areas, encourage interactions within the research community for broader application, and benefit society through innovation to realize sustainable agricultural practices. This review critically evaluates what is and is not known in the domain of nano-enabled agriculture. It provides a holistic view of the role of nanobiotechnology in multiple facets of agriculture, from the synthesis of nanoparticles to controlled and targeted delivery, uptake, translocation, recognition, interaction with plant cells, and the toxicity potential of nanoparticle complexes when presented to plant cells.

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Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10051187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1187

Author(s):

Michael Wassenegger ◽

Athanasios Dalakouras

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Rna Interference ◽

Gene Silencing ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Rnai Machinery ◽

Double Stranded Rna ◽

Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽

Cumulative Amount

Viroids are plant pathogenic, circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs). Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus of plant cells through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, thus triggering the host’s RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. In plants, the two RNAi pillars are Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) and RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM), and the latter has the potential to trigger Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS). Over the last three decades, the employment of viroid-based systems has immensely contributed to our understanding of both of these RNAi facets. In this review, we highlight the role of Pospiviroidae in the discovery of RdDM, expound the gradual elucidation through the years of the diverse array of RdDM’s mechanistic details and propose a revised RdDM model based on the cumulative amount of evidence from viroid and non-viroid systems.

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Role of (1,3)(1,4)-β-Glucan in Cell Walls: Interaction with Cellulose

Biomacromolecules ◽

10.1021/bm5001247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1727-1736 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Sarah N. Kiemle ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Alan R. Esker ◽

Guillermo Toriz ◽

Paul Gatenholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls

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Etude ultrastructurale des relations hôte–parasite au cours de l'infection des pommes par le Phytophthora cactorum

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-036 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 251-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

X. Mourichon ◽

G. Sallé

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Susceptible Variety ◽

Host Cells ◽

Phytophthora Cactorum ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Extrahaustorial Matrix ◽

Apple Fruits

An electron microscopic study was performed on haustoria of Phytophthora cactorum (L. et C.) Schroeter developed in tissues of two cultivars of apple fruits: a susceptible variety ('Golden delicious') and a resistant one ('Belle de Boskoop'). Ultrastructure of intercellular hyphae and some aspects of their penetration between contiguous host cells were described. A light dissolution of the host cell walls was observed. Ontogenic investigations indicated that in the susceptible host, the wall of the fungal haustoria was covered with a dense-stained extrahaustorial matrix. Its origin and its polysaccharide nature were demonstrated. On the other hand, the resistant host developed, immediately after the inoculation, a papilla which gave rise, later on, to a sheath enclosing adult haustoria. The role of these callosic structures in the phenomenon of resistance was discussed.

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