scholarly journals Development of microsatellite markers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) and their transferability to other tropical forage grass species

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. B. Sousa ◽  
L. Jungmann ◽  
T. Campos ◽  
D. A. Sforça ◽  
L. R. Boaventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Tropical Forage

scholarly journals Variation in Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Forage Grass Species Evaluated in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. O. S. Ojo ◽  
H. Madu ◽  
A. I. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tropical Grass

Seven improved tropical grass species, namely, Andropogon gayanus Kunth., Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum var. coloratum C.T, Paspalum orbiculare G. Forstand Sorghum almum Parodi were evaluated for yield and yield components at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria in 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in each of the years. Results showed that the evaluated grass species could be cut at an early age when the leaf: stem ratio is high enough for the ruminants to derive maximum nutritional benefit and need not be delayed till 16 weeks after planting. The highest correlation between plant height and grain yield was observed at 4 weeks (r = 0.69) and 8 weeks (r = 0.70) after planting, implying that the taller the plant species at this stage of growth, the higher the probability for high grain yield. Identification and selection of tropical grass species for improvement in grain production should, therefore, be carried out between 4 and 8 weeks of growth. All the seven tropical forage grass species performed favourably well in terms of growth and yield, with the positive response to increasing rainfall and further studies on multi-location evaluation within the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecologicalal zone of Nigeria is recommended.

Development of Microsatellite Markers for Brachiaria brizantha and Germplasm Diversity Characterization of this Tropical Forage Grass

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Letícia Jungmann ◽  
Patrícia M. Francisco ◽  
Adna C.B. Sousa ◽  
Jussara Paiva ◽  
Cacilda B. do Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

Development of Microsatellite Markers for Brachiaria brizantha and Germplasm Diversity Characterization of this Tropical Forage Grass

2009 ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Jungmann ◽  
Patrícia M. Francisco ◽  
Adna C.B. Sousa ◽  
Jussara Paiva ◽  
Cacilda B. do Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

scholarly journals Characterization of tropical forage grass development pattern through the morphogenetic and structural characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlindo Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Márcia Cristina Teixeira da Silveira ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

An experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate growth pattern of tropical forage grass under free growth by using morphogenetic and structural characteristics with the expectation of using this study for forage grass evaluation protocol. The experimental area was established with two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombaca and Aruana), a hybrid cultivar of P. maximum Jacq. and P. Infestum BRA-7102 (Massai), two cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf (Marandu and Xaraes) and Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora Beauv.) and jaragua grass (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf.). The grasses were planted in 1.0-m² experimental units with 24 plants arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Growth pattern of the grasses was evaluated through mass development, tiller mortality, development stage and leaf longevity. Development patterns differed significantly among groups of grasses, indicating that the same available resources can be used in different manners by grasses from the same genus and/or species.

scholarly journals Sulphuric acid scarification effects on Brachiaria brizantha, B. humidicola and Panicum maximum seed dormancy release

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Usberti ◽  
Leila Martins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Most tropical forage grass species have dormant seeds, which reduce percentages in germination tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate H2SO4 scarification effects on seed dormancy releasing, through germination time (T50) and variability among germination test replicates, in 630, 94 and 82 seed samples of B. brizantha, B. humidicola and P. maximum, respectively, tested at the Central Seed Testing Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil, from 1991 to 1999. Germination tests used two 4 x 100 replicates of intact and scarified seeds (15-, 10-, 5-minute treatments, respectively). Mean germination time (T50) and variability among germination replicates were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test paired samples for means. Scarification promoted general decreases in T50, while variability among germination test replicates was reduced in B. brizantha. Scarification increase germination in B. brizantha and P. maximum, but is deleterious in B. humidicola.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry-Based Determination of Ploidy from Dried Leaf Specimens in Genomically Complex Collections of the Tropical Forage Grass Urochloa s. l.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis M. Hernández ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy of germplasm collection of this tropical forage grass group using dried leaf material, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Our methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation of G0/G1 peaks, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 348 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2x to 9x), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes are used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ’brizantha’ and ’humidicola’ agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels. Some U. brizantha accessions have odd level of ploidy (5x), and the relative differences in fluorescence values of the peak positions between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed aneuploidy.

Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A. Rouf Mian ◽  
Malay C Saha ◽  
Andrew A Hopkins ◽  
Zeng-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Wide Range

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

scholarly journals Phosphorus as a mitigator of the effects of water stress on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of tropical C4 grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Akiyoshi Kuwahara ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Kezia Aparecida Guidorizi ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Water deficiency during the dry seasons influences the relationship between water and gas exchange in tropical grasses, reducing their productive potential. In addition, the phosphorus (P) deficiency Brazilian soils adds to the set of factors limiting crop production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of different tropical forage species to phosphorus supplementation as mitigating the damage caused by water stress. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha cv. MG-4, Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Áries, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca were germinated in pots containing 10 liters of red-yellow Acrisol type soil. Experiments were conducted by combining levels of phosphorus, 8,0 and 100,0 mg of P dm-3, with two irrigation regimes, 100 and 40% replacement of transpired water. The biometric parameters, photosynthetic capacity, leaf water potential and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated, and the data was submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05), and subsequently the means were compared using a Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed for tropical grasses grown under water stress, there is a clear mitigating effect of phosphorus supplementation, especially on the maintenance of biomass growth. 

scholarly journals Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha ◽  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Experimental Plots

This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

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