scholarly journals Sulphuric acid scarification effects on Brachiaria brizantha, B. humidicola and Panicum maximum seed dormancy release

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Usberti ◽  
Leila Martins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Most tropical forage grass species have dormant seeds, which reduce percentages in germination tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate H2SO4 scarification effects on seed dormancy releasing, through germination time (T50) and variability among germination test replicates, in 630, 94 and 82 seed samples of B. brizantha, B. humidicola and P. maximum, respectively, tested at the Central Seed Testing Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil, from 1991 to 1999. Germination tests used two 4 x 100 replicates of intact and scarified seeds (15-, 10-, 5-minute treatments, respectively). Mean germination time (T50) and variability among germination replicates were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test paired samples for means. Scarification promoted general decreases in T50, while variability among germination test replicates was reduced in B. brizantha. Scarification increase germination in B. brizantha and P. maximum, but is deleterious in B. humidicola.

scholarly journals CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES FORRAGEIRAS IRRIGADAS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Débora Pantojo de Souza ◽  
Arthur Carniato Sanches ◽  
Fernando Campos Mendonça ◽  
Rodolfo Guertas Maffei ◽  
Pedro José Catto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
E Mail

CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES FORRAGEIRAS IRRIGADAS  DÉBORA PANTOJO DE SOUZA1; ARTHUR CARNIATO SANCHES2; FERNANDO CAMPOS MENDONÇA3; RODOLFO GUERTAS MAFFEI4 E PEDRO JOSÉ CATTO4 1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestranda em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail:[email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Dep. Engenharia de Biossistemas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail: [email protected] Acadêmicos de Engenharia Agronômica, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização de parâmetros produtivos para três forrageiras tropicais irrigadas ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo. O experimento foi realizado na ESALQ/USP, em delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com área total de 864 m². Foram estudadas as forrageiras Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85 e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, no período compreendido entre 11 de fevereiro a maio de 2016. Consideraram-se os seguintes parâmetros produtivos de massa seca de forragem: produtividade total de forragem (PTF), produtividade de folhas (PF), produtividade de colmos (PC), produtividade de material morto (PMM), as porcentagens de massa de folhas (%MF), massa de colmos (%MC) e material morto (%MM) e a razão folha colmo-1 (RFC). A análise estatística de comparações múltiplas foi feita com o auxílio do software ASSISTAT 7.7, verificando-se que o capim Mombaça teve maior PTF (5.285,07 kg ha-1) em relação às demais espécies (nível α=0,01 de significância). Na média das três forrageiras, o 2º ciclo foi o mais produtivo (PTF = 3.883,69 kg ha-1). Também foi constatada a interação entre forrageiras e ciclos de crescimento para as variáveis PF e PC. O capim Mombaça apresentou a maior PF nos três ciclos, e PC maior em relação às demais forrageiras apenas no 1ociclo. A RFC não diferiu significativamente entre as forrageiras. Conclui-se que, dentre as três forrageiras estudadas, o capim Mombaça teve maior diminuição da produtividade ao longo dos três ciclos. Palavras-chave: Irrigação de pastagens, forrageiras tropicais, produtividade total de forragem.  SOUZA, D. P. de; SANCHES, A. C.; MENDONÇA, F. C.; MAFFEI, R. G.; CATTO, P. J.PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE IRRIGATED SPECIES OF FORRAGEIRAS    2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to characterize the productive parameters for three tropical forage grasses during three cropping cycles. The experiment was carried out at the Luiz de Queiroz Agriculture College, under random blocks, in the split-plot statistical design, in a total area of 864 m². The forage grasses studied were Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85,and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa, from February 11th to May 6th, 2016 (3 growing cycles).The irrigation was made by a sprinkler system installed with a 12 x 12 m spacing, with sprinklers running at an average pressure of 300 kPa, whose distribution uniformity was previously checked (CUC = 87%). The following parameters were considered: total of forage yield (PTF), leaf yield(PF), culm yield (PC), dead material yield(PMM), leaf mass percentage (% MSF), stems percentage (% MSC), dead material percentage (% MSMM), and leaf culm-1 ratio (RFC). The multivariate statistical analysis was performed with the software ASSISTAT 7.7, and the results showed that the Mombaça grass had the highest forage yield (PTF = 5285.07 kg ha-1, significance level α = 0.01 ). Considering the culm yield and the average for the three forage grasses, the 2nd growing cycle presented the highest forage yield (3883.69 kg ha-1). The interaction between forage species and growing cycles was also verified, for the PF and PC parameters. The Mombasa grass had the highest PF values in the three growing cycles. For the PC parameter, the Mombasa grass was higher than the others only in the 1st cycle. Considering the RFC parameter, Tifton 85 had lower values than the others (1.24), but did not significantly differ from the other grasses. Among the three forage grasses studied, the Mombasa grass had the highest sensitivity to climate changes along the three growing cycles.         Keywords: Pasture irrigation, tropical forage grasses, total of forage yield.

An invigoration regime for Pinusstrobus seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Downie ◽  
Urban Bergsten
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Different Levels

Samples of a seed lot of eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) from New Brunswick were cold stratified at moisture contents that reached five different levels from 17 to 40% of fresh weight at the end of 4 weeks. Each sample was subsequently tested for germination and mean germination time. Maximum seed germination occurred at a moisture content of about 35%. Three subsamples from another seed lot from the same area were subjected to cold stratification at a slightly suboptimal moisture content (30%) for 0, 2, or 4 weeks. These stratified seeds were subsequently invigorated at 15 °C at the same moisture content for 0, 7, 11, and 16 days. (Vigour is used in this paper to describe a seed lot's mean germination time; increased vigour signifies faster germination.) The seeds were then tested for percent germination and mean germination time. Increasing stratification and invigoration duration influenced percent germination positively, as did their interaction. Drying seeds for 24 h prior to commencing the germination test decreased germination by about 5%. Duration of stratification and invigoration were negatively and highly significantly related to mean germination time in a linear fashion, while their interactive term was nonsignificant and, therefore, not used when analyzing mean germination time. Drying the treated seeds for 24 h increased mean germination time by about 1 day. According to regression estimates, seeds germinated 0.45 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE) day faster per day of invigoration for up to 16 days treatment, while they germinated 1.44 ± 0.06 days faster per week of stratification for up to 4 weeks stratification.

scholarly journals Effect of winter wheat (cv. Jana) seed ageing on its viability and vigour

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Sójka ◽  
Riad Zaidan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Biogenesis Of Mitochondria ◽  
The Mean

Viability and vigour of freshly collected 1, 2 and 3 years old seeds of the winter wheat cv. Jana were determined, on the base of the rate of germination, germinative capacity and the mean germination time, as well as the length of the shoot after 4, 7 and 10 days of the germination test. The intensity of respiration of whole caryopses, of isolated embryos and of the mitochondria was also measured. It was shown that the seed vigour and viability decreases with ageing. In seeds stored over longer periods the respiratory activity decreases as consequence of disturbance of the biogenesis of mitochondria, decline of oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease of the ability to oxidize the respiratory substrate.

scholarly journals Variation in Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Forage Grass Species Evaluated in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. O. S. Ojo ◽  
H. Madu ◽  
A. I. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tropical Grass

Seven improved tropical grass species, namely, Andropogon gayanus Kunth., Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum var. coloratum C.T, Paspalum orbiculare G. Forstand Sorghum almum Parodi were evaluated for yield and yield components at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria in 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in each of the years. Results showed that the evaluated grass species could be cut at an early age when the leaf: stem ratio is high enough for the ruminants to derive maximum nutritional benefit and need not be delayed till 16 weeks after planting. The highest correlation between plant height and grain yield was observed at 4 weeks (r = 0.69) and 8 weeks (r = 0.70) after planting, implying that the taller the plant species at this stage of growth, the higher the probability for high grain yield. Identification and selection of tropical grass species for improvement in grain production should, therefore, be carried out between 4 and 8 weeks of growth. All the seven tropical forage grass species performed favourably well in terms of growth and yield, with the positive response to increasing rainfall and further studies on multi-location evaluation within the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecologicalal zone of Nigeria is recommended.

scholarly journals Development of microsatellite markers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) and their transferability to other tropical forage grass species

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. B. Sousa ◽  
L. Jungmann ◽  
T. Campos ◽  
D. A. Sforça ◽  
L. R. Boaventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Tropical Forage

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ferula Assa-Foetida Accessions for Germination Parameters Under Cold Stratification to Overcome Seed Dormancy and Effect of Media Mixtures on Seedling Growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Satbeer Singh ◽  
Sahil Sharma ◽  
Sanatsujat Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Survival Experiment

Abstract Ferula assa-foetida L. is a perennial of Apiaceae family having seed dormancy which inhibits the germination. Oleo-gum resin obtained from the rhizomes of Ferula assa-foetida plant has several medicinal properties and used for the treatment of various diseases, pharmaceutical industries and in cooking of food in some countries. In present study, three different temperature treatments (5°, 15° and 25°C) were used to break seed dormancy in six Ferula assa-foetida accessions repeatedly for two years. Also the seedling survival rate with other morphological parameters like plant height, no. of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, root length and root diameter were observed on 3 month old seedlings in six different media mixtures during year 2019-20. The germination ranges from 3.63 (EC968466 at 25°C) to 81.88 percent (EC966538 at 5°C) with an average of 31.14 percent over all temperatures and genotypes. The mean germination time was ranged from 19.69 to 42.71 days with an average of 30.14 days. The highest germination (66.9%) and least mean germination time was observed at 5ºC (20.85) which showed that this crop required a 5ºC chilling treatment of about 20 days for breaking seed dormancy. The results pertaining to seedling survival experiment showed that media mixture of sand, soil, FYM and cocopeat (1:2:2:1 and 1:1:1:1 ratio) gave higher seedling survival rate (87.66%) and other morphological traits. It was also observed that the genotype EC966538 and EC968470 were the best performer for overall germination as well as seedling survival parameters and could be used as base population in future selection and improvement breeding programs.

scholarly journals Proximate Nutrient Composition of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Lampo, Hemarthria altissima), lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days during 180 days, beginning on August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Total dry matter (TDM) content was calculated. Forages studied were evaluated chemically for crude protein (N X 6.25) (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash (A). NFE was calculated as the difference between 100 and the sum of CP, CF, EE and A. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. All fractions differed in a highly significant way with respect to species and plant age. Highly significant differences in CP, EE and A at decreasing rates and in TDM, CF and NFE at increasing rates were obtained, as the grasses advanced in maturity. The largest changes in forage quality occurred between 30 and 60 days of age.

scholarly journals Avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo em consórcio de forrageiras e milho em sucessão com soja em região de cerrados

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veridiana Zocoler de Mendonça ◽  
Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Francisco Cezar Belchor Lages Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Cintra Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Para Determinar

O uso intensivo de áreas do Cerrado para produção agropecuária aliado ao manejo inadequado tem causado degradação dos solos. Nesse sentido há necessidade da incorporação de sistemas sustentáveis como plantio direto e a integração lavoura-pecuária. Este trabalho objetivou identificar o efeito da sucessão de milho+forrageiras e soja nos atributos físicos do solo. Para tanto foi realizado, em área experimental da Unesp, campus de Ilha Solteira, um ensaio composto do consórcio de milho com quatro forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha,B. ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e P. maximum cv. Áries) semeadas em três modalidades (na linha de semeadura do milho misturada ao adubo, a lanço simultânea à semeadura do milho e a lanço no estádio V4 do milho) e o milho sem consorciação (testemunha). A soja de verão foi implantada sobre os restos culturais dos tratamentos anteriores. Foram realizadas coletas para determinar a macro e microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo em duas épocas de amostragem, após as colheitas do milho e da soja. Pelos resultados, pôde-se concluir que, em regiões de cerrados, a sucessão de culturas utilizada promoveu a melhoria da macroporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo, independentemente da utilização de forrageiras em consórcio com milho.

scholarly journals Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Thierry Becquer ◽  
Luiz Carlos Balbino
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica e avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura em plantio direto, nos principais grupos da macrofauna do solo, em duas épocas de avaliação em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (plantas de cobertura) e quatro repetições. As plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria juncea, guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, B. brizantha consorciada com milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), mombaça (Panicum maximum) e Sorghum bicolor foram cultivadas de novembro a abril. Em setembro de cada ano, foi realizado o plantio de feijão, em cultivo irrigado por pivô central. A área útil em cada parcela foi de 60 m². Amostras de solo na forma de monólitos (25x25 cm) foram retiradas aleatoriamente em cada parcela, para contagem da macrofauna, às profundidades de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm, em abril e em setembro de 2005. Os grupos taxonômicos, identificados em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa, são: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea e larvas de Diptera. Crotalaria juncea apresentou maior densidade de macrofauna, seguida por B. Brizantha, B. Brizantha consorciada com milho, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus Cajans, Pennisetum Glaucum e Panicum maximum. O uso das plantas de cobertura, associado à irrigação na avaliação de setembro, favorece a colonização do solo pela macrofauna.

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