Promoting the health of Europeans in a rapidly changing world: a historical study of the implementation of World Health Organisation policies by the Nursing and Midwifery Unit, European Regional Office, 1970-2003

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hallett ◽  
Lis Wagner
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
European Regional ◽  
Changing World

scholarly journals CURRENT ISSUES OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES. LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Pogonysheva ◽  
D. A. Pogonyshev
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Environmental Causes

EU countries have accumulated a considerable amount of scientific research demonstrating the influence of a number of environmental factors on human health. The paper reviews European research on the relation between the environment and human health. The authors present a review of normative and non-governmental initiatives in the field of environmental control and human health in the European region, major environmental causes of human health deterioration and initiatives aiming at preventing ecology-dependant health issues. In 1989 World Health Organisation (WHO) held the First Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health that kickstarted the process uniting the healthcare field and the field of environmental protection. The main objective of the “Environment and Health” Process is to mitigate major environmental risks for human health. The objective is to be achieved through regular Ministerial Conferences held every five years by the World Health Organisation Regional Office. According to the policy stated in “Health-2020”, ecology is an important factor for maintaining good human health and establishment of sustainable communities and favorable environment should be prioritized in the European region of WHO. According to the research presented by WHO, major environmental causes of increased disease rate are atmospheric pollutants, accumulation of heavy metal leads and other harmful chemicals in the environment, climate change, noise pollution, low quality of drinking water and poor hygienic conditions. The review presents a consideration of recommendations given in “Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement”, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, and other scientific databases were used for this review.

scholarly journals Reply to Guski, Schreckenberg, Schuemer, Brink and Stansfeld: Comment on Gjestland, T. A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO’s New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health 2018, 15, 2717

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truls Gjestland
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The Public ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
European Regional

The European Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) recently dramatically lowered its former (WHO, 2000) recommendations for cumulative aircraft noise exposure levels associated with risks of adverse public health effects. WHO’s recommendations, although lacking the force of law, are nonetheless of interest to aviation regulatory bodies and to the public at large. It is therefore important that WHO’s recent recommendations receive and withstand careful scrutiny. WHO’s (2018) recommendations are based on controversial assumptions, analyses and interpretations prepared by Guski et al. (2017). Gjestland (2018) identified a number of limitations of the opinions expressed by Guski et al. (2017). Guski et al. (2019) subsequently challenged some of Gjestland’s (2018) observations. This paper responds to the defenses offered by Guski et al. (2019) of the opinions expressed in their prior (2017) publication.

Health Services for Pregnancy in Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsden G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
European Regional

In 1979, maternal and child health issues were discussed during the annual meeting of the 33 Member States of the European Region of the World Health Organization. During this discussion many countries expressed concern about the services offered for pregnancy, birth and the period following birth. The countries recognized that, as yet, unsolved problems remain which must be examined and they asked the European Regional Office of WHO to mount activities to study and report on these problems surrounding birth and birth care. In response to this request, the maternal and child health unit of the European Regional Office organized a Perinatal Study Group. The Group's 15 members came from 10 countries and spanned 10 professional disciplines: economics, epidemiology, health administration, midwifery, nursing, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. For five years the Group conducted surveys, reviewed the literature and brought its own personal and professional experience to discussions of the health services for women and their babies, during pregnancy and birth, and after birth. The entire group met together at least once a year, at which time findings from the previous year's work were presented, followed by lengthy, sometimes heated, open and free discussions.

scholarly journals Developing a customised approach for strengthening tuberculosis laboratory quality management systems toward accreditation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Albert ◽  
Andre Trollip ◽  
Donatelle Erni ◽  
Kekeletso Kao
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Management ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Quality Improvement Process ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Training Of Trainers

Background: Quality-assured tuberculosis laboratory services are critical to achieve global and national goals for tuberculosis prevention and care. Implementation of a quality management system (QMS) in laboratories leads to improved quality of diagnostic tests and better patient care. The Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme has led to measurable improvements in the QMS of clinical laboratories. However, progress in tuberculosis laboratories has been slower, which may be attributed to the need for a structured tuberculosis-specific approach to implementing QMS. We describe the development and early implementation of the Strengthening Tuberculosis Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (TB SLMTA) programme.Development: The TB SLMTA curriculum was developed by customizing the SLMTA curriculum to include specific tools, job aids and supplementary materials specific to the tuberculosis laboratory. The TB SLMTA Harmonized Checklist was developed from the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Africa Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation checklist, and incorporated tuberculosis-specific requirements from the Global Laboratory Initiative Stepwise Process Towards Tuberculosis Laboratory Accreditation online tool.Implementation: Four regional training-of-trainers workshops have been conducted since 2013. The TB SLMTA programme has been rolled out in 37 tuberculosis laboratories in 10 countries using the Workshop approach in 32 laboratories in five countries and the Facility based approach in five tuberculosis laboratories in five countries.Conclusion: Lessons learnt from early implementation of TB SLMTA suggest that a structured training and mentoring programme can build a foundation towards further quality improvement in tuberculosis laboratories. Structured mentoring, and institutionalisation of QMS into country programmes, is needed to support tuberculosis laboratories to achieve accreditation.

scholarly journals Preventing congenital rubella infection in the European Region of WHO: 2010 target

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Spika ◽  
F X Hanon ◽  
S Wassilak ◽  
R G Pebody ◽  
N Emiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Europe has recently published a strategic plan and surveillance guidelines for measles and congenital rubella infection. The strategy prioritises measles control activities but encourages the introduction of rubella vaccine when measles vaccine coverage has reached >90 %; although, many western European countries with suboptimal measles vaccine coverage are already using the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Women in these countries may have an especially high risk of having an infant with congenital rubella syndrome. WHO is seeking to improve the surveillance for rubella and congenital rubella syndrome as a means to obtain better information on the burden of these diseases and engage policy decision makers in the need to support the WHO European Region's strategies for rubella.

scholarly journals Marketing of Foods to Children through Food Packaging Is Almost Exclusively Linked to Unhealthy Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živa Lavriša ◽  
Igor Pravst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The nutritional composition of foods marketed to children is important, as it can significantly influence children’s preferences. The objective of this research was to evaluate the presence of child-oriented food products in the food supply and to investigate their nutritional composition. The sample included 8191 prepacked foods in the Slovenian food supply available in the market in 2015. The nutrient profile (World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model) of the products with child-targeted promotions was compared to the nutrient profile of those without child-targeted promotions. Food categories with the highest proportion of products with child-focused promotions were “Breakfast Cereals” (17%), “Chocolate and Sugar Confectionery” (15%) and “Edible Ices” (13%). Altogether, 93% of all products with child-focused promotions and 73% of products without such promotions were classified as “not permitted”. The proportion of “not permitted” foods was significantly higher in products with child-targeted promotions, compared with products without child-targeted promotions (p < 0.0001), and this trend was observed in a majority of food categories. To protect children from exposure to the marketing of foods with less favourable nutritional compositions, public health strategies should be focused also towards limiting promotions of unhealthy foods to children on product packaging, not only in media.

A Risk-Based Approach to Health Criteria for Radon Indoors - Report on a WHO Initiative

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Steinhäusler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract The World Health Organisation (WHO), Regional Office for Europe, organised a meeting of a working group on indoor air quality in Eilat, Israel, from 28 March to 4 April 1993. The aim was to develop a risk-based approach to health criteria for radon indoors. The group reviewed the latest epidemiological data from occupational and non-occupational radon exposure, animal experiments and dosimetry. The Group issued 14 conclusions and 23 recommendations on radon related risk to health, on risk management and risk communication. In summary, radon was confirmed as a human carcinogen. Indoor radon exposures resulting in individual risk exceeding 10-3 per year are to be considered as severe and risk reduction programmes implemented. Guidance on risk management and communication is offered to national authorities.

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